Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is Tuberculosis
Is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lung tissue.
Where does tuberculosis spread to?
It can spread to almost any part of the body including:- The mingies Kidneys Bones Lymph nodes
When does the initial infection occur
Usually 2-10 weeks after exposure
How is TB transmitted?
When an infected person expels the organisms and a susceptible inhales the droplets
What are the risk factors?
Contact with someone who has active TB
Immunocompromised status
Injection drug use and alcoholism
People lacking adequate health care ( homeless)
Preexisting medical conditions
Immigrants from countries with high incidence of TB
Institutionalization
Living in over crowded substandard housing
Occupation (health care workers)
Clinical manifestations
Low grade fever Cough -- nonproductive Night sweats Fatigue Weight loss
Diagnostic methods
Mantoux – skin test
Chest xray
Sputum culture
Medical management
Treated with TB medications for 6-12 months
Pharmacological therapy
First line medications Isoniazid or INH ( nydrazid) Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
Nursing management : Airway
Encourage increased fluid intake
Instruct about best position to facilitate drainage
Nursing management: Treatment regimen
Explain TB and the importance of taking medication
Instruct about medications and side effects
Instruct about risk for drug resistance if medication regime is not followed
Monitor vital signs
Teach caregivers the important signs and symptoms to report
Nursing management: Activity and nutrition
Plan progressive activity schedule to increase activity tolerance and muscle strength
Complimentary plan to encourage adequate nutrition : small frequent meals nutritional supplements
