Tuberculosis Flashcards
1
Q
define tuberculosis
A
infectious disease caused by a bacterium
2
Q
how is TB spread?
A
airborne infection spread via respiratory droplets
3
Q
which bacterium causes tuberculosis
A
mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacilli)
4
Q
risk factors for TB
A
- contact with high risk groups
- HIV
- immunosuppressed
- chemotherapy
- drug/alcohol misuse
- overcrowding
- diabetes
5
Q
pathology of TB
A
tissue necrosis and granulomatous formation
6
Q
clinical pulmonary features of TB
A
- productive cough
- haemoptysis
- weight loss
- fever
- sweats
- laryngeal= hoarse voice and severe cough
7
Q
CXR for pulmonary TB
A
- consolidation with or without cavitation
- pleural effusion
- widening of mediastinum
8
Q
lymph node TB
A
firm, non-tender enlargement of a cervical or supraclavicular node
9
Q
how does military TB affect the systems
A
- micro abscess in liver and spleen
- cholestasis (reduced bile flow)
- GI symptoms
10
Q
investigations into TB
A
- microbiological
- CXR
- bronchoalveolar lavage fluid if cough unproductive
11
Q
microbiological investigations for TB
A
- Ziehl neelsen staining
- auramine-rhodamine staining
- culture
- NAA (nucleic acid amplification)
12
Q
how long is treatment excluding TB of the CNS?
A
6 months
13
Q
how long is treatment including TB of the CNS
A
12 months
14
Q
should management be directly observed
A
yes
15
Q
adverse effects of isoniazid
A
polyneuropathy at high doses
