Tuberculosis

Question 1

TB Transmission

Answer 1

Person-to person via inhalation of airborne particles

Persons w/ active untreated pulmonary or laryngeal disease are infective

Question 2

MYCOBACTERIA

Answer 2

Mycobaterium Tuberculosis—Cause of TB

Mycobacterium Leprae

Mycobacterium avium—commonly causes opportunistic systemic infections in patients with advanced HIV

Question 3

TB Microbiology

Answer 3

Mycolic acid structure resists destaining by acid alcohol—acid fast bacilli (AFB)
No true outer membrane
Mycolic acid is the major constituent of the cell envelope—giving them a high lipid content
Gram positive

Question 4

Latent TB

Answer 4

Person has TB bacteria in his/her body that are alive but inactive
Cannot spread TB to others
Does not feel sick
Has a normal CXR and sputum culture
Needs treatment for TB infection to prevent TB disease**

Question 5

TB Pathogenesis

Answer 5

Small bacilli carried in droplets small enough to reach the alveolar space
Bacilli proliferate inside alveolar macrophages and kill the cells and cause inflammatory response
eventually form a nodular granulomatous structure called the tubercle

Question 6

Ghon Complex

Answer 6

calcified right lung nodule with associated calcified hilar lymph nodes.
seen at apex

Question 7

Miliary Tuberculosis

Answer 7

term miliary TB is now used to denote ALL forms of progressive, widely disseminated hematogenous tuberculosis, even if the classical pathologic or radiologic findings are absent.

Question 8

Guidelines for Determining Positive Tuberculin Skin Test

Answer 8

Induration >15 mm with no TB risk factors

Question 9

TB Preferred initial therapy includes

Answer 9

Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (RIF)
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
Ethambutol (EMB)