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PT Neuro NATE EDITION > TTR np > Flashcards

TTR np Flashcards

1
Q

local neurotransmitters?

diffuse neurotransmitters?

A

local: GABA, GLU, endocannabinoids, gases
diffuse: monoamines(DA, 5HT,NE), acetylcholine, opioids, histamine

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2
Q

ionic vs GPCR for acetylcholine

A

ionic - nicotinic

GPCR - muscarinic

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3
Q

primary origin of NE in CNS

primary role?

A

locus coeruleus

attencion, vigilance, mood, emotion

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4
Q

primary origin of 5HT in the brain?

primary roles in the brain?

ionotropic receptor?

A

raphe nuclei

arousal, mood, motion, migraine

5HT3 are ionic

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5
Q

where are endorphins found?

A

hypothalamus exclusively

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6
Q

where are enkephalins and dynorphins found?

A

periaqueductal gray and dorsal horn of spinal cord

these are endogenous opioids

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7
Q

endogenous opioids

A

endorphins

enkephalins and dynorphins

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8
Q

donepezil

rivastigmine

galantamine

A

cholinesterase inhibitors approved for treating alzheimers

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9
Q

maintenance drugs for headaches causing trouble with daily life

A

amitriptyline - TCA

cyproheptadine - antihistamine(increases appetite)

divalproex sodium(valproate)

gabapentin - anticonvulsant, analgesic

topiramate - anticonvulsant, decreases weight

propanolol - lowers BP

verapamil

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10
Q

ketorolac

A

non-selective COX inhibitor

powerful analgesic; NSAID

used to reduce the amount of morphine needed to be used

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11
Q

effects of opioid agonists on the body

A

analgesia, sedation

RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
antitussive - dextromethorphan

muscle rigidity

miosis

mostly CV stable but some bradycardia

GI constipation and urinary retention

can cross into placenta

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12
Q

What is the blood gas partition coefficient and what does it mean?

A

Measure of solubility of the gas in blood (trends are generally applicable to tissues as well)

Lower Number = Less soluble

N2O < Des < Sev < Iso

Iso is most soluble - therefore takes the longest for emergence

Nitrous and DES are least soluble in all tissues

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13
Q

general effects of inhaled anesthetics

A

CV depression

respiratory depression; bronchodilation

nausea/emesis

increased CBF; decreased metabolic demand

unconscious, amnesia, immobility

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14
Q

adverse effects of etomidate

A

adrenocortical suppression

pain on injection

myoclonic movements

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15
Q

mechanism of action for the iv anesthetics

A

propofol, etomidate - gaba block

ketamine - NMDA block

dexmedetomidine - a2AR agonist

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16
Q

when is succinylcholine used

A

emergency surgery

full stomach

acute abdomen

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17
Q

what are rosenthal fibers

A

alpha-beta crystalline inclusions in astrocytes adjacent to lesions

found in alexander disease and pilocytic astrocytoma

18
Q

what is corpora amylacea

A

age related starch inclusions in astrocytes

19
Q

alzheimers type 2 astrocytosis is seen in what

A

hepatic encephalopathy

wilson’s disease

NOT associated witha alzheimers

20
Q

pathological and clinical presentation of corticobasal degeneration

A

path - ballooned neurons; tau inclusions

clinical - parkinsonism, alien limb, asymmetrical motor signs, dementia

21
Q

pathological and clinical presentation of multiple system atrophy

A

path - olivopontocerebellar degen, nigrostriatal degen, shy-drager

clinical - ataxia, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction

22
Q

bunina bodies are seen in

A

ALS

23
Q

temozolomide

A

alkylating agent used in glioblastoma

more effective on methylated tumors; MGMT

24
Q

positive prognostic markers for oligodendrogliomas

A

IDH-1 and 1p19q mutations

25
Q

splitting of spinal cord

A

diastematomyelia

26
Q

lacosamide mechanism, fxn

A

change Na channel shape

partial seizure; add-on for poor control

27
Q

contraindicated in AIP

A

barbiturates

28
Q

buspirone

mechanism, use

A

5HT1A agonist

anxiolytic

29
Q

trazodone

mechanism

use

A

serotonin uptake inhibition

5HT2A antagonism to prevent negative symptoms

30
Q

bupropion

mechanism

use

A

NE/DA reuptake inhibitor

antidepressant

smoking cessation

31
Q

mirtazapine

mechanism

use

A

a2AR antagonist

5HT2A, 3 AR, Histamine

32
Q

difference between BPAD I and II

A

I has full manic episodes

II only ever gets hypomanic; more depressive focused

33
Q

what to watch for w/pt on clozapine

A

agranulocytosis

gotta get WBC count

34
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

FEVER

fever

encephalopaty

vitals unstable

enzymes increased

rigidity of muscles

can get after staring antipsychotics

35
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

• Hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV instability, flushing, diarrhea, seizures

Treatment: cyproheptadine

SSRI + MAOI

36
Q

adverse effects of bupropion

A
  • Stimulant effects: tachycardia, insomnia

condarindicated in anorexics/bulemics – will cause HA, seizures in

37
Q

memantine

A

NMDA antagonist used to prevent excitotoxicity

used in alzheimers

38
Q

donepizine, galantamine, rivastigmine

A

AChE inhibitors used in alzheimers

39
Q

selegiline

A

MAO-B selective inhibitor

reduces DA breakdown

adjunct to parkinsons

40
Q

bromocriptine

A

DA agonist

used in parkinsons AND neuroleptic malignant syndrome(induced by antipsychotics which are inhibiting DA)

41
Q

synesthesia

A

mixing perceptions

hearing color

seeing sound

PT Neuro NATE EDITION (4 decks)

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