TSM1.4 - Structure/Function relationship in the Nervous System

Question 1

Which area of the brain is concerned with speech formation?

Answer 1

Broca’s area

Question 2

Which area of the brain is concerned with language comprehension?

Answer 2

Wernicke’s area

Question 3

What are the two types of astrocyte in the CNS?

Answer 3

Protoplasmic and Fibrous

Question 4

What are the main functions of the astrocytes in the CNS?

Answer 4

They provide support, maintain the blood brain barrier, maintain the environment in the generation of nerve impulses, and in the embryo they regulate the growth, migration and interconnection of neurons.

Question 5

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 5

Myelin sheath formation in the CNS.

Question 6

What is the function of microglia?

Answer 6

Cellular debris clearance in the CNS.

Question 7

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 7

Produce and possibly monitor and assist in circulation of CSF.

Question 8

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Answer 8

Myelin sheath formation in the PNS.

Question 9

What is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 9

Support and exchange in the PNS.

Question 10

What is a commissural fiber?

Answer 10

A fiber pathway in the brain which goes from side to side.

Question 11

What is an association fiber?

Answer 11

A fiber pathway in the brain which goes from front to back.

Question 12

Name the commissural fibers.

Answer 12

Corpus Callosum, Anterior Commissure, Forceps Minor, Forceps Major.

Question 13

Name the association fibers.

Answer 13

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, Inferior occipitotemporal fasciculus, Uncinate fasciculus, perpendicular occipital fasciculus.

Question 14

Name the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 14

Molecular (plexiform) layer
OUTER granular layer
OUTER pyramidal cell layer
INNER granular layer
INNER pyramidal cell layer
Multiform cell layer

Question 15

What are the features of the molecular plexiform layer?

Answer 15

• Contains apical dendrites of pyramidal cells
• Large number of synapses
• Input from the thalamus

Question 16

What are the features of the outer granular layer?

Answer 16

• Contains stellate cells (inputs from the cortex)

- Contains small pyramidal cells with local connections

Question 17

What are the features of the outer pyramidal layer?

Answer 17

• Contains smaller pyramidal cells than the outer granular layer
• Contains association fibres.

Question 18

What are the features of the inner granular layer?

Answer 18

• Contains closely packed stellate cells

- Inputs from the thalamic relay nuclei

Question 19

What are the features of the inner pyramidal cell layer?

Answer 19

• Contains large pyramidal cells, particularly in motor areas

Question 20

What are the features of the multiform cell layer?

Answer 20

• Contains fusiform cells

- Outputs to thalamus.

Question 21

What are the types of cortex?

Answer 21

Paleocortex, Archicortex, and Neocortex.

Question 22

How many layers does paleocortex have?

Answer 22

There are no layers.

Question 23

How many layers does Archicortex have?

Answer 23

3 layers.

Question 24

How many layers does neocortex have?

Answer 24

6 layers.

Question 25

Is agranular neocortex motor or sensory cortex?

Answer 25

Motor cortex.

Question 26

Is hypergranular neocortex motor or sensory cortex?

Answer 26

Sensory cortex.