TSM1.4 - Structure/Function relationship in the Nervous System Flashcards
Which area of the brain is concerned with speech formation?
Broca’s area
Which area of the brain is concerned with language comprehension?
Wernicke’s area
What are the two types of astrocyte in the CNS?
Protoplasmic and Fibrous
What are the main functions of the astrocytes in the CNS?
They provide support, maintain the blood brain barrier, maintain the environment in the generation of nerve impulses, and in the embryo they regulate the growth, migration and interconnection of neurons.
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Myelin sheath formation in the CNS.
What is the function of microglia?
Cellular debris clearance in the CNS.
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Produce and possibly monitor and assist in circulation of CSF.
What is the function of Schwann cells?
Myelin sheath formation in the PNS.
What is the function of satellite cells?
Support and exchange in the PNS.
What is a commissural fiber?
A fiber pathway in the brain which goes from side to side.
What is an association fiber?
A fiber pathway in the brain which goes from front to back.
Name the commissural fibers.
Corpus Callosum, Anterior Commissure, Forceps Minor, Forceps Major.
Name the association fibers.
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, Inferior occipitotemporal fasciculus, Uncinate fasciculus, perpendicular occipital fasciculus.
Name the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex.
Molecular (plexiform) layer OUTER granular layer OUTER pyramidal cell layer INNER granular layer INNER pyramidal cell layer Multiform cell layer
What are the features of the molecular plexiform layer?
- Contains apical dendrites of pyramidal cells
- Large number of synapses
- Input from the thalamus
What are the features of the outer granular layer?
- Contains stellate cells (inputs from the cortex)
- Contains small pyramidal cells with local connections
What are the features of the outer pyramidal layer?
- Contains smaller pyramidal cells than the outer granular layer
- Contains association fibres.
What are the features of the inner granular layer?
- Contains closely packed stellate cells
- Inputs from the thalamic relay nuclei
What are the features of the inner pyramidal cell layer?
- Contains large pyramidal cells, particularly in motor areas
What are the features of the multiform cell layer?
- Contains fusiform cells
- Outputs to thalamus.
What are the types of cortex?
Paleocortex, Archicortex, and Neocortex.
How many layers does paleocortex have?
There are no layers.
How many layers does Archicortex have?
3 layers.
How many layers does neocortex have?
6 layers.
Is agranular neocortex motor or sensory cortex?
Motor cortex.
Is hypergranular neocortex motor or sensory cortex?
Sensory cortex.
