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TSM Case 23 > TSM1.3 - Development of the CNS and PNS > Flashcards

TSM1.3 - Development of the CNS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the post-central gyrus?

A

It is the somatosensory cortex of the brain.

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2
Q

What is neurulation and when does it begin?

A

Neurulation is the formation of the neural plate and begins in the 3rd week of development.

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3
Q

What is grey matter primarily composed of?

A

Neuron cell bodies.

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4
Q

What is white matter primarily composed of?

A

Myelinated axons.

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5
Q

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

A

The basal ganglia is involved in motor activity.

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6
Q

What are nuclei?

A

Nuclei are a collection of cell bodies that lie deep within the brain.

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7
Q

What are the main derivatives of the neural plate?

A

The main derivatives of the neural plate are Dorsal Root Ganglia, melanocytes and Schwann cells.

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8
Q

Fusion of the neural tube begins in which region? And how does it proceed?

A

Fusion of the neural tube begins in the cervical region and proceeds in caudal and cephalic directions.

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9
Q

How does the cavity of the cranial tube stay in communication with the amniotic cavity?

A

Through the cranial and caudal neuropores.

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10
Q

When does the cranial neuropore close?

A

At the 18-20 somite stage (or 25th day).

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11
Q

When does the caudal neuropore close?

A

2 days after the cranial neuropore closes.

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12
Q

What does the failure of closure of neural pores cause?

A

Neural tube defects (NTDs).

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13
Q

What protein has increased levels with the neural tube defects?

A

Maternal Alpha feto-protein.

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14
Q

How can neural tube defects (NTDs) be detected?

A

Via ultrasound.

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15
Q

What are the three primary brain vesicles present by the 4th week of development?

A

The forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain.

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16
Q

By the fifth week of development the five secondary brain vesicles have developed. What are their names?

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon.

17
Q

What secondary brain vesicle(s) does the forebrain develop into?

A

The telencephalon and the diencephalon

18
Q

What secondary brain vesicle(s) does the midbrain develop into?

A

Mesencephalon.

19
Q

What secondary brain vesicle(s) does the hindbrain develop into?

A

The metencephalon and the myelencephalon.

20
Q

What adult brain structure does the telencephalon develop into?

A

The cortex.

21
Q

What adult brain structure does the Diencephalon develop into?

A

The hypothalamus, thalamus and the pituitary gland.

22
Q

What adult brain structure does the metencephalon develop into?

A

The pons and the cerebellum.

23
Q

What adult brain structure does the myelencephalon develop into?

A

The medulla.

24
Q

At which week of development does the surface of the growing brain begin to fold into sulci and gyri?

A

15 weeks.

25
Q

How is the grey matter in the spinal cord organised?

A

A pair of basal (ventral) lamina, a pair of alar (dorsal) lamina and the sulcus limitans

26
Q

What is the sulcus limitans?

A

The border between the basal and alar plates.

27
Q

What does the basal lamina form?

A

The motor areas of the spinal cord and brain stem.

28
Q

What does the alar lamina form?

A

The sensory areas of the brain stem and spinal cord.

29
Q

How many cranial nerves does the PNS contain?

A

12

30
Q

How many spinal nerves does the PNS contain?

A

31

31
Q

From which cells do skeletal motor neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons in the CNS develop?

A

From cells of the neural tube.

32
Q

From which cells do sensory neurons and postganglionic autonomic neurons in the PNS develop?

A

Neural crest cells.

33
Q

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

The cerebral aqueduct.

34
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

A

In the hindbrain.

TSM Case 23 (3 decks)

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