Tsarist Russia (1894–1917)

Question 1

What is an autocracy?

Answer 1

A system of government where one person has absolute power.

Question 2

What percentage of Russia’s population were peasants in the early 20th century?

Answer 2

Around 80%.

Question 3

Why was the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) significant?

Answer 3

It was a humiliating defeat for Russia, exposing the Tsar’s weak leadership.

Question 4

What was Bloody Sunday (1905)?

Answer 4

A peaceful protest where troops fired on demonstrators, killing hundreds.

Question 5

How did industrialization affect workers in Russia?

Answer 5

Poor working conditions, low wages, and overcrowded housing led to discontent.

Question 6

What was the role of the Okhrana?

Answer 6

The Tsar’s secret police, used to suppress opposition.

Question 7

What reforms were promised in the October Manifesto?

Answer 7

Civil liberties, freedom of speech, and the creation of the Duma.

Question 8

How did Stolypin try to stabilize Russia?

Answer 8

By introducing land reforms and suppressing uprisings with harsh measures (‘Stolypin’s necktie’).

Question 9

What were the Fundamental Laws of 1906?

Answer 9

Laws reinforcing the Tsar’s power despite the October Manifesto.

Question 10

How did WWI impact Russia by 1917?

Answer 10

Economic hardship, military defeats, and food shortages worsened public unrest.