Tsardem To Communism Flashcards
Why was size a problem for ruling Russia?
Covered 1/6 of the world
4000 by 2000 miles
Why was communications a problem for ruling Russia?
Railways and rivers
No paved roads outside of cities
Why was Russification a problem for ruling Russia?
Made non-Russians speak Russian
Weaknesses of the Tsar
Influenced by his wife
Cruel
Not confident
Ignorant, never read ministers reports
When were the Bolsheviks formed?
1903
When did the Tsar try to modernise the economy
1900s
When and what were the ‘Fundamental laws’
1906, took away promises in 1905
What were strengths of the Tsar pre 1913
Supported by Orthodox Church
Had secret police
Supported by two parties
Who was Rasputin
A holy man from Siberia
When did Rasputin have an affair with the Tsarina
1915
What effect did the First World War have on the soldiers
Humiliating defeats at Tannenberg and Mansurin lakes
1914: 1 million casualties
1916: 8 million casualties
What effect did the First World War have on the home front
Industrial materials were short
Factories closed in 1916
What were the Tsar’s mistakes in the war
Made himself head of army in 1915
Left Tsarina in charge who was distrusted
Tsarina and Rasputin made many mistakes
How was the Tsar abdicated
7th March 1917: general workers strike
12th: troops refused to stop riots and joined in
15th: Tsar abdicated
Who was prime minister of provisional government
Kerensky
What was order number 1
Army
Who was leader of Soviets
Trotsky
Why did the provisional government only last 8 months
Had no power
Delayed elections
Continued war
No land reforms
When did Lenin return to Russia and gave April thesis
16th march 1917
17th march
When and what were the July day protests
16th-19th July 1917: Protests by the Bolsheviks to seize power from provisional government. Put down and Lenin fled
What did the Red Guards do on the 7th November
Took railway stations, telegraph, back, winter palace
When did Bolsheviks get Moscow
15th November 1917
Strengths of the reds
Had control of factories
Portrayed the Whites as capitalist
Supported by peasants
Had railways
Weaknesses of whites
Poor leaders
Didn’t communicate
Generals didn’t trust each other
Corrupted
How did Lenin consolidate power
Signed Brest-litovsk
Put priority in food
Gave land to peasants
What was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Signed in March 1918
Lost 27% of farm land
Lost 74% of iron and coal
Effects of War Communism
By 1920 workers paid in food
Strict managers in factories
Cheka seized surplus food from peasant
What was the Naval Mutiny in march 1921
Felt communism was worse than death
20,000 died
What was NEP
Peasants handed over grain as tax, could sell surplus Traders could buy and sell Small factories returned to owners Economy improved Widened rich and poor gap Unemployment was still a problem
