TRYPANOSOMA Flashcards
first reported human infection with the zoonotic parasite
trypanosoma evansi
typanosomosis in philippines
- introduced in to luzon in 1900 from chian
- widespread in the country
-large serious outbreaks in mindanao in previous years - present: sporadic outbreak
-2-3 leishmania amastigote maybe the smallest eukaryotic cells
- flagellum is vey short, projecting only slightly beyond the flagella pocket.
Trypanosoma
Amastigote (leishmanial)
kinetoplast and kinetosome are still located between the nucleus and the anterior edn, but a short undulating membrane lies along the proximal part of the flagellun.
Trypanosoma
Epismastigote (Crithidial)
kinetroplast and kinetosome are near to the posterior end of the body
-flagellum runs along the surface, usually continuing as a free whip anterior to the body
Forms of Trypanosoma
Trypomastigote (trypanosome)
-elongated body with flagella extending forward as a functional organelle
-kinetosome and kinetoplast are located in front of nucleus, near the anterior end of the body.
Trypanosoma
promastigote (leptomonad)
Section of trypanosoma
trypanosoma are divided into two broad group:
- Hemoflagellates
- Mucoflagellates
blood and tissue parasites
- Hemoflagellates
Trypanosoma are divided into two groups:
- Salivaria
- Stercorarcia
develops at the anterior portion of the digestive tract (anterior station)
Salivaria
live in the mouth and the cecum/colon
2.Mucoflagellates
salivaria eg;
T.brucie spp., T.evansi, T. congolense, T. vivax
anterior station development; multiplication and transformation in the gut and proboscis; transmission is by feeding
SALIVARIA
develop at the vector’s hindgut( posterior station)
Stercocaria
Stercorarian eg;
T.cruzi, T. lewisi, T.theileiri, T. melophagium, T. canorini
Cyclical – arthropod intermediate host (biological) Types:
a. SALIVARIA
b. STERCORARIA
posterior station development; multiplication in the gut; infective forms migrate to the rectum and passed out in the feces
STERCORARIA
Do not require development in an intermediate host
Trypanosoma equiperdum and T. equinum
mechanical transmission by Tabanids and Stomoxys; no cross transmission because trypanosomes die quickly
Noncyclical
Modes of Transmission of Trypanosomes
Cyclical
Noncyclical
Coitus
Transplacental
Ingestion of fresh carcasses or organs of animals which died of the infection intrauterine
Pathogenesis of trypanosomes
-Lymphoid enlargement- exhaustion of cellular elements.
-Hemolysis- failure of phagocytic system
-Cell degeneration and inflammatory infiltrate- tissue degeneration particularly the CNS and the heart muscles
