TRYPANOSOMA

Question 1

first reported human infection with the zoonotic parasite

Answer 1

trypanosoma evansi

Question 2

typanosomosis in philippines

Answer 2

• introduced in to luzon in 1900 from chian
• widespread in the country
  -large serious outbreaks in mindanao in previous years
• present: sporadic outbreak

Question 3

-2-3 leishmania amastigote maybe the smallest eukaryotic cells
- flagellum is vey short, projecting only slightly beyond the flagella pocket.

Answer 3

Trypanosoma
Amastigote (leishmanial)

Question 3

kinetoplast and kinetosome are still located between the nucleus and the anterior edn, but a short undulating membrane lies along the proximal part of the flagellun.

Answer 3

Trypanosoma
Epismastigote (Crithidial)

Question 3

kinetroplast and kinetosome are near to the posterior end of the body
-flagellum runs along the surface, usually continuing as a free whip anterior to the body

Answer 3

Forms of Trypanosoma
Trypomastigote (trypanosome)

Question 3

-elongated body with flagella extending forward as a functional organelle
-kinetosome and kinetoplast are located in front of nucleus, near the anterior end of the body.

Answer 3

Trypanosoma
promastigote (leptomonad)

Question 4

Section of trypanosoma
trypanosoma are divided into two broad group:

Answer 4

1. Hemoflagellates
2. Mucoflagellates

Question 4

blood and tissue parasites

Answer 4

1. Hemoflagellates

Question 5

Trypanosoma are divided into two groups:

Answer 5

1. Salivaria
2. Stercorarcia

Question 6

develops at the anterior portion of the digestive tract (anterior station)

Answer 6

Salivaria

Question 6

live in the mouth and the cecum/colon

Answer 6

2.Mucoflagellates

Question 7

salivaria eg;

Answer 7

T.brucie spp., T.evansi, T. congolense, T. vivax

Question 8

anterior station development; multiplication and transformation in the gut and proboscis; transmission is by feeding

Answer 8

SALIVARIA

Question 9

develop at the vector’s hindgut( posterior station)

Answer 9

Stercocaria

Question 10

Stercorarian eg;

Answer 10

T.cruzi, T. lewisi, T.theileiri, T. melophagium, T. canorini

Question 11

Cyclical – arthropod intermediate host (biological) Types:

Answer 11

a. SALIVARIA
b. STERCORARIA

Question 11

posterior station development; multiplication in the gut; infective forms migrate to the rectum and passed out in the feces

Answer 11

STERCORARIA

Question 11

Do not require development in an intermediate host

Answer 11

Trypanosoma equiperdum and T. equinum

Question 12

mechanical transmission by Tabanids and Stomoxys; no cross transmission because trypanosomes die quickly

Answer 12

Noncyclical

Question 13

Modes of Transmission of Trypanosomes

Answer 13

Cyclical
Noncyclical
Coitus
Transplacental
Ingestion of fresh carcasses or organs of animals which died of the infection intrauterine

Question 14

Pathogenesis of trypanosomes

Answer 14

-Lymphoid enlargement- exhaustion of cellular elements.
-Hemolysis- failure of phagocytic system
-Cell degeneration and inflammatory infiltrate- tissue degeneration particularly the CNS and the heart muscles