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tryhackme notes Flashcards

1
Q

What type of DHCP packet is used by a device to retrieve an IP address?

A

DHCP Discover

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2
Q

What type of DHCP packet does a device send once it has been offered an IP address by the DHCP server?

A

DHCP Request

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3
Q

What is the last DHCP packet that is sent to a device from a DHCP server?

A

DHCP ACK

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4
Q

What type of DHCP packet does the server reply back with an IP address the device could use ?

A

DHCP Offerr

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5
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protcol

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6
Q

What does UDP stand for?

A

User Datagram Protocol

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7
Q

What does OSPF stand for ?

A

Open Shortest Path First

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8
Q

What does RIP stand for ?

A

Routing Information Protocol

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9
Q

On what layer would you find the Open Shorted Path First Protocol ?

A

Network Layer

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10
Q

On what layer would you find the Routing Information Protocol ?

A

Network

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11
Q

This field sets an expiry timer for the packet to not clog up your network if it never manages to reach a host or escape!

A

Time to Live

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12
Q

This field provides integrity checking for protocols such as TCP/IP. If any data is changed, this value will be different from what was expected and therefore corrupt.

A

A Checksum

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13
Q

This value is the port opened by the sender to send the TCP packet from. This value is chosen randomly (out of the ports from 0-65535 that aren’t already in use at the time).

A

Source Port

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14
Q

This value is the port opened by the sender to send the TCP packet from. This value is chosen randomly (out of the ports from 0-65535 that aren’t already in use at the time).

A

Destination port

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15
Q

When a connection occurs, the first piece of data transmitted is given a random number. We’ll explain this more in-depth further on.

A

Sequence Number

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16
Q

After a piece of data has been given a sequence number, the number for the next piece of data will have the sequence number + 1. We’ll also explain this more in-depth further on.

A

Acknowledgement Number

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17
Q

This header determines how the packet should be handled by either device during the handshake process. Specific flags will determine specific behaviours, which is what we’ll come on to explain below.

A

Flag

18
Q

What packet is sent to close a connection ?

A

A FIN Packet

19
Q

The term given for the process used to establish a connection between two devices.

A

A Three Way Handshake

20
Q

Provide the order of a normal Three-way handshake

A

Syn, Syn/Ack, Ack

21
Q

What type of connection is UDP ?

A

Stateless

22
Q

This type of firewall uses the entire information from a connection; rather than inspecting an individual packet, this firewall determines the behaviour of a device based upon the entire connection.

A

Stateful

23
Q

This firewall type consumes many resources in comparison to stateless firewalls as the decision making is dynamic. For example, a firewall could allow the first parts of a TCP handshake that would later fail.

A

Stateful

24
Q

This firewall type uses a static set of rules to determine whether or not individual packets are acceptable or not. For example, a device sending a bad packet will not necessarily mean that the entire device is then blocked.

A

Stateless

25
Q

Whilst these firewalls use much fewer resources than alternatives, they are much dumber. For example, these firewalls are only effective as the rules that are defined within them. If a rule is not exactly matched, it is effectively useless.

A

Stateless

26
Q

What layers of the OSI model do firewalls operate at?

A

Layer 3 and Layer 7

27
Q

What does VLAN stand for ?

A

Virtual Local Area Network

28
Q

What does VLAN stand for ?

A

Virtual Local Area Network

29
Q

What does DNS stand for ?

A

Domain Name System

30
Q

What does TLD stand for in relation to a Domain Name System ?

A

Top Level Domain

31
Q

What part of a Domain Name is the Top Level Domain ?

A

The righthand part of the domain name, i.e. .com or .co.uk etc

32
Q

What are the two types of Top Level Domain ?

A

gTLD (Generic Top Level) and ccTLD (Country Code Top Level Domain).

33
Q

Examples of Generic Top Level Domains

A

.com
.gov
.edu
.org

34
Q

Examples of Country Code Top Level Domains

A

.ca
.co.uk
.au

35
Q

What is the Second Level Domain ?

A

The main body of the domain name. for example in www.google.com “google” is the Second Level Domain

36
Q

How many characters is a Second Level Domain name limited to ?

A

64 characters

37
Q

Where would you find a Subdomain ?

A

On the left hand side of the Second Level Domain using a period to separate them e.g. admin.tryhackme.com. Admin is the Subdomain.

38
Q

What is the max length of a Domain Name

A

253 characters

39
Q

An A Record DNS record resolve to what type of address ?

A

An IPv4 address

40
Q

An AAAA Record DNS record resolve to what type of address ?

A

IPv6 address

41
Q

What does a CNAME DNS record resolve to ?

A

Another domain name

42
Q

What does an MX DNS Record resolve to ?

A

These records resolve to the address of the servers that handle the email for the domain you are querying

Networking (9 decks)

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