Truth and Truthfulness

Question 1

occurs when an employee or former employee conveys information about a significant moral problem to someone in a position to take action on the problem, and does so outside approved organizational channels (or against strong pressure).

Answer 1

Whistle-blowing

Question 2

Whistle-Blowing:
4 Definition

Information is intentionally conveyed outside
approved organizational (workplace) channels or in situations where the person conveying it is under pressure from supervisors or others not to do so.

Answer 2

Disclosure

Question 3

Whistle-Blowing:
4 Definition

The information concerns what the person believes is a significant moral problem for the organization (or an organization with which the company does business). Examples of significant problems are serious threats to public or employee safety and well-being, criminal behavior, unethical policies or practices, and injustices to workers within the organization.

Answer 3

Topic

Question 4

Whistle-Blowing:
4 Definition

The person disclosing the information is an employee or former employee, or someone else closely associated with the organization (as distinct, say, from a journalist reporting what the whistle-blower says)

Answer 4

Agent

Question 5

Whistle-Blowing:
4 Definition

1 The information is conveyed to a person or organization that is in a position to act on the problem (as distinct, for example, to telling it to a family member or friend who is in no
position to do anything).
2 The desired response or action might consist in remedying the problem or merely alerting affected
parties.

Answer 5

Recipient

Question 6

when the information is passed outside the organization.

Answer 6

External Whistle Blowing

Question 7

occurs when the information is conveyed to someone within the organization (but outside approved channels or against pressures to remain silent).

Answer 7

internal whistle blowing

Question 8

individuals openly reveal their identity as they convey the information

Answer 8

open whistle blowing

Question 9

which involves concealing one’s identity.

Answer 9

anonymous whistle blowing

Question 10

Moral guidelines of whistle blowing

Answer 10

1. The actual or potential harm reported is serious.
2. The harm has been adequately documented.
3. The concerns have been reported to immediate superiors.
4. After not getting satisfaction from immediate superiors, regular
   channels within the organization have been used to reach up to
   the highest levels of management.
5. There is reasonable hope that whistle-blowing can help prevent
   or remedy the harm.

Question 11

e. It imposes what many consider an absolute prohibition on deception, and in addition it establishes a high ideal of seeking and speaking the truth

Answer 11

Truthfulness

Question 12

is a form of manipulation that undermines their ability to carry out their legitimate pursuits, based on available truths relevant to those pursuits.

Answer 12

Deceit

Question 13

affirms truthfulness as a fundamental virtue,
and it underscores how honesty contributes to desirable forms of character for engineers, the internal good of the social practice of engineering, and the wider community in which that practice is embedded.

Answer 13

Virtue Ethics

Question 14

which centers on meeting responsibilities about truth

Answer 14

Truthfulness

Question 15

which centers on meeting responsibilities about trust.

Answer 15

Trustworthiness

Question 16

: intentionally violating the rules of fair play in any academic exercise, for example, by using crib notes or copying from another student during a test.

Answer 16

CHEATING!

Question 17

intentionally falsifying or inventing information,
for example, by faking the results of an experiment.

Answer 17

Fabrication

Question 18

intentionally or negligently submitting others’
work as one’s own, for example, by quoting the words of others without using quotation marks and citing the source.

Answer 18

Plagiarism

Question 19

intentionally helping other students to engage in academic dishonesty, for example, by loaning them your work.

Answer 19

Facilitating academic dishonesty

Question 20

intentionally giving false information to an
instructor, for example, by lying about why one missed a test.

Answer 20

Misinterpretation

Question 21

failing to do one’s fair share on a joint project.

Answer 21

Failure to contribute to a collaborative project

Question 22

intentionally preventing others from doing their work, for example, by disrupting their lab experiment.

Answer 22

Sabotage

Question 23

stealing, for example, stealing library books or other students’ property

Answer 23

Theft

Question 24

Academic Integrity: Students

Answer 24

1. Cheating
2. Fabrication
3. Plagiarism
4. Facilitating academic dishonesty
5. Misinterpretation
   6 Failure to contribute to a collaborative project
6. Sabotage
7. Theft

Question 25

Honesty as an engineer begins with honesty in studying to become an engineer

Answer 25

Academic Integrity: Students

Question 26

Truthfulness takes on heightened importance in research because research aims at discovering, expressing, and promulgating truth.

Answer 26

Research Integrity

Question 27

is about promoting excellence (high quality) in pursuing truth, and this positive emphasis on excellence should be kept paramount in thinking about honesty in research.

Answer 27

Integrity in Research

Question 28

is deception intended to establish one’s reputation as a researcher

Answer 28

Forging

Question 29

is deception intended to last only for a while and then to be uncovered or disclosed, typically to ridicule those who were taken in by it.

Answer 29

Hoaxing

Question 30

is selectively omitting bits of outlying
data—results that depart furthest from the mean

Answer 30

Trimming

Question 31

a term still used today to refer to
all kinds of selective reporting of results, falsifying of data, and massaging data in the direction that supports the result one
prefers.

Answer 31

Cooking

Question 32

in which a researcher unintentionally, but culpably, fails to meet the minimum standards for conducting and reporting research, and
other forms of extreme incompetence

Answer 32

Gross negligence

Question 33

implies negligence, that is, the failure to take sufficient care to prevent biases from distorting one’s thinking and observations.

Answer 33

the word “Allowing”

Question 34

a brief quotation without quotation marks and a reference

Answer 34

Literary allusion

Question 35

is a second type of deception.

Answer 35

Misinterpreting credentials

Question 36

whether of articles or other documents, is another area where subtle deception occurs.

Answer 36

Misleading listing of authorship