Trunk, Shoulder Girdle, and Upper Limb

Question 1

Deltoid

Answer 1

Action: anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of arm. Lateral part: abduction of arm. Posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of arm
Origin: clavicle, scapula
Insertion: humorous (deltoid tuberosity)
Innervation: axillary nerve

Question 2

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 2

Action: adduction, extension, and medial rotation of arm
Origin: sacral and lumbar spines via thoracolumbar fascia, ilium via thoracolumbar fascia, ribs, spinous processses of T6-12 vertebrae, scapula
Insertion: humerus
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

Question 3

Pectoralis major

Answer 3

Action: adduction, medial rotation, flexion and extension of arm
Origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle
Insertion: humerus
Innervation: lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7), medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

Question 4

External abdominal oblique

Answer 4

Action: rotation of trunk (unilateral), flexion of truck (bilateral), compression of anterior abdominal wall and viscera
Origin: linea alba, ilium (crest)
Innervation: ventral rami of T8-L1 spinal nerves

Question 5

Rectus abdominis

Answer 5

Action: flexion of trunk and compression of anterior abdominal wall
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Sternum and costal cartilages 5-7
Innervation: ventral rami of T7-12 spinal nerves

Question 6

Internal abdominal oblique

Answer 6

Action: rotation of trunk (unilateral), flexion of trunk (bilateral), compression of anterior well and viscera
Origin: inguinal ligament, Ilium, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Linea alba, costal cartilages 7-10
Innervation: ventral rami of T8-L1 spinal nerves

Question 7

Transverse abdominis

Answer 7

Action: compression of anterior abdominal wall and viscera
Origin: Illium, Inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
Insertion: pubis, Linea alba, sternum
Innervation: ventral rami of T8-L1 spinal nerves

Question 8

Psoas major

Answer 8

Action: flexion of thigh, lateral rotation of thigh, lateral flexion of trunk
Origin: body of T12 and L1-5 vertebrae
Insertion: Femur
Innervation: ventral rami of L2-3 spinal nerves

Question 9

Iliacus

Answer 9

Action: flexion of thigh
Origin: Ilium, sacrum
Insertion: femur
Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 10

Psoas minor

Answer 10

Action: flexion of trunk
Origin: T12-L1 vertebral body and intervertebral disc
Insertion: hip bone
Innervation: ventral rami of L1 spinal nerve

Question 11

Piriformis

Answer 11

Action: lateral rotation of thigh
Origin: sacrum
Insertion: femur
Innervation: ventral rami of L5-S2 spinal nerves

Question 12

Ischiococcygeus

Answer 12

Action: contributes to pelvic floor, supports pelvic viscera
Origin: ischium
Insertion: coccyx and sacrum
Innervation: ventral rami of S4-5 spinal nerves

Question 13

Levator ani

Answer 13

Action: contributes to pelvic floor, supports pelvic viscera, resists increased intra-abdominal pressure, constricts lower rectum and vagina
Origin: Pubis, tendinous arch, ischium
Insertion: coccyx, anococcygeal ligament, perineal body, midline viscera
Innervation: pudendal nerve, ventral rami of S2-3 spinal nerves

Question 14

Rhomboid major and minor

Answer 14

Action: retration (adduction) and elevation of scapula
Origin: spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae, spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
Insertion: scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Question 15

Serratus posterior superior

Answer 15

Action: elevation of ribs 2-5
Origin: spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae
Insertion: ribs 2-5
Innervation: ventral rami of T1-3 spinal nerves

Question 16

Serratus posterior inferior

Answer 16

Action: depression of ribs 9-12
Origin: spinous processes of T11-L2
Insertion: ribs 9-12
Innervation: ventral rami of T10-11 spinal nerves and ventral rami of T12 spinal nerve

Question 17

Spinalis part of erector spinae

Answer 17

Action: lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral), extension of vertebral column (bilateral)
Origin: spinous process of nuchal ligament
Insertion: spinous process and occipital bone
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 18

Erector spinae

Answer 18

Action: lateral flextion and rotation of vertebral column and head (unilateral) and extension of vertebral column and head (bilateral)
Origin: Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Insertion: Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 19

Iliocostalis part of erector spinae

Answer 19

Action: lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral), extension of vertebral column (bilateral), depression of ribs
Origin: common origin in ribs
Insertion: ribs and transverse processes (cervical)
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 20

Longissimus part of erector spine

Answer 20

Action: lateral flexion of vertebral column and rotation of head to same side (unilateral), extension of vertebral column (bilateral), depresses ribs
Origin: Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, sacral and lumbar spinous processes, supraspinous ligament
Insertion: transverse processes, ribs, and mastoid process
Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 21

Biceps brachii

Answer 21

Action: Supination and flexion of forearm, flexion of arm (weak)
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: tendon-radius, aponeurosis-deep fascia
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 22

Subscapularis

Answer 22

Action: medial rotation of arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Origin: scapula
Insertion: humerus
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 23

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Answer 23

Includes: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
Action: stabalize glenohumeral joint

Question 24

Coracobrachialis

Answer 24

Action: Adduction and flexion of arm
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 25

Teres major

Answer 25

Action: medial rotation, adduction, and extension of arm
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Innervation: lower scapular nerve

Question 26

Serratus anterior

Answer 26

Action: protection of scapula, medial rotate of scapula, and stabilizes scapula
Origin: Ribs 1-8
Insertion: Scapula
Innervation: long thoraces nerve

Question 27

Brachialis

Answer 27

Action: flexion of arm and forearm
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Ulna
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 28

Brachioradialis

Answer 28

Action: flexion, pronation and supination of forearm
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Radius
Innervation: radial nerve

Question 29

Teres minor

Answer 29

Action: lateral rotation of arm, holds humerus in glenoid cavity, adduction of arm (weak)
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve

Question 30

Infraspinatus

Answer 30

Action: Lateral head rotation of arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Question 31

Triceps brachii

Answer 31

Action: extension of arm and forearm
Origin: scapula (long head) and humerus (medial and lateral heads)
Insertion: Ulna
Innervation: radial nerve

Question 32

Supraspinatus

Answer 32

Action: abductino of arm and holds head in glenoid cavity
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Innervation: suprascapular nerve