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Anatomy (Year 1) > Trunk and Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Trunk and Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint ?

A

An articulation of two or more bones

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2
Q

What is the main function of a joint ?

A

To increase the mobility of the body

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3
Q

What three things limit the moment of a joint ?

A

Ligaments, The design of the joint, Soft tissue structures e.g. muscles, tendons, joint capsules

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4
Q

What are the two classifications of joints ?

A

Functional classification and Structural classification

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5
Q

What three joints fall under the Structural classification ?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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6
Q

What are three facts of a Synovial joint ?

A
  1. Joint cavity present
  2. Bones united by a surrounding joint capsule
  3. Accessory ligaments are usually present
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7
Q

What are two facts of a Fibrous joint ?

A
  1. No joint cavity

2. Bones are held together by a fibrous connective tissue

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8
Q

What are two facts of a Cartilaginous joint ?

A
  1. No joint cavity

2. The bones are held together by joint cartilage

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9
Q

What three joints fall under the Functional classification ?

A

Synarthodial (immovable)
Amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable)
Diarthrodial (freely moveable/synovial)

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10
Q

What are the four main parts that make up the gentral structure of a Synovial joint ?

A
  1. The joint capsule (strengthening and ensuring the bones are not pulled apart)
  2. The articular cartilage (spongy substance protecting the bones from wear and damage)
  3. The joint cavity (space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid
  4. Ligaments (strengthening)
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11
Q

What are the two parts of a synovial that aren’t strictly considered part of it ?

A

Bursa (flattened bib ours sacs lined with synovial membrane and contain a thin film of synovial fluid)

Tendon sheath (an elongated bursa that wraps completely around tendon)

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12
Q

What are the names of the six different types of Synovial joints ?

A

Hinge, Ball and Socket, Saddle, Pivot, Gliding, Condyloidal

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13
Q

Whats the other name for a Hinge Joint ?

A

Ginglymus Joint

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14
Q

Whats the other name for a Ball and Socket Joint ?

A

Enarthrodail Joint

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15
Q

Whats the other name for a Saddle Joint ?

A

Sellar Joint

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16
Q

Whats the other name for a Pivot Joint ?

A

Trochoidal Joint

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17
Q

Whats the other name for a Gliding Joint ?

A

Arthrodail Joint

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18
Q

Whats the other name for a Condyloidal Joint ?

A

Ellipsoid Joint

19
Q

Name the Axes, Typical Movement and an example for the Hinge Joint

A

Axes - (Uniaxial)

Typical movement - (Flexion/Extension)

Example - (Elbow/Ankle Joint)

20
Q

Name the Axes, Typical Movement and an example for the Pivot Joint

A

Axes - (Uniaxial)

Typical movement - (Internal/External rotation)

Example - (Radioulnar joint)

21
Q

Name the Axes, Typical Movement and an example for the Condyloidal Joint

A

Axes - (Biaxial)

Typical movement - (Flexion/Extension or Abduction/Adduction)

Example - (Wrist joint)

22
Q

Name the Axes, Typical Movement and an example for the Gliding Joint

A

Axes - (Tri-axial)

Typical movement - (Flexion/Extension or Abduction/Adduction or Internal/External rotation)

Example - (Wrist joint)

23
Q

Name the Axes, Typical Movement and an example for the Ball and Socket Joint

A

Axes - (Tri-axial)

Typical movement - (Flexion/Extension or Abduction/Adduction or Internal/External rotation)

Example - Glenohumeral joint)

24
Q

Name the Axes, Typical Movement and an example for the Saddle Joint

A

Axes - (Tri-axial)

Typical movement - (Flexion/Extension or Abduction/Adduction or Internal/External rotation)

Example - (1st carpometacarple) thumb

25
Q

Three facts about Ligaments

A
  1. They are strong chords of dense white fibrous connective tissue
  2. Connects bones to bones
  3. Secures and holds bones together
26
Q

Three facts about Tendons

A
  1. Tough flexible bands of fibrous tissue
  2. Connects muscle to bones
  3. Involved in transmitting a muscular
    force to the bone resulting in movement
27
Q

What three things affect joint stability ?

A
  1. Articular surfaces (depth of a joint socket)
  2. Muscle tone
  3. Ligamnets
28
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there ?

A

12 pairs

29
Q

What three groups are the 12 pairs of ribs split into ?

A

7 pairs are true (attach directly to sternum)

3 pairs are false (attach indirectly through costal
cartilages)

2 pairs are floating (ends are free)

30
Q

What does the trunk consist of ?

A

The spinal column and Thorax

31
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal column house ?

A

32 pairs

32
Q

What two things does the Thorax consist of and what two things does it house ?

A

Consists of the ribs and sternum

Houses the lungs and heart

33
Q

Fact Card

A

Vertebral column consists of 24 articulating vertebrae and 9 fused together

Can be divided into 5 sections:
7 cervical vertebrae (Atlas – C1, Axis – C2)

12 thoracic vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae

5 sacral vertebrae (fused)

4 coccygeal bones (fused)

34
Q

What are the four bony features of a typical vertebra ?

A
  1. SpinousProcess (SP)
    Posterior Projection of the vertebra
  2. TransverseProcess(TP)
    Lateral Projection of the vertebra
  3. VertebralArch
    Structure joining the vertebral body to the TP’s and SP.
  4. VertebralForamen
    Opening which houses the spinal cord
35
Q

What are the three layers of the spinal group ?

A
  1. Iliocostalis (lateral layer)
  2. Longissimus (middle layer)
  3. Spinals (medial layer)
36
Q

What is the function of the Quadratus Lumborum ?

A

Its an Important stabiliser of the pelvis and lumbar spine

37
Q

What is the function of the Rectus Abdomens ?

A

Controls the tilt of the pelvis

38
Q

What is the function of the Internal Oblique ?

A

Assists the rectus abdominis in flexion to help complete the movement

39
Q

What is the function of the Transverse Abdomens ?

A

Considered to be important in core stability

40
Q

What three parts of the trunk assist trunk flexion ?

A

– Rectus abdominis
– Internal obliques
– External obliques

41
Q

What two parts of the trunk assist trunk rotation ?

A

– Internal obliques

– External obliques

42
Q

What part of the trunk assist trunk extension ?

A

– Erector spinae

43
Q

What two parts of the trunk assist Lateral Flexion ?

A

– Erector spinae

– Quadratus lumborum of the ipsilateral side

Anatomy (Year 1) (3 decks)

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