Shoulder Joint and Girdle Flashcards
What two structures make up the shoulder area ?
Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint
What two bones make up the shoulder girdle ?
The Clavicle and the Scapula
What is the Clavicle ?
The clavicle is a long, slender, S-shaped bone that attaches to the sternum, at the medial end and the scapula at the lateral end
What is the Scapula ?
A large, triangular, wing-like bone (flat bone) which overlies the posterior thorax (ribs 2 – 7)
What are the three joints of the shoulder girdle ?
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Scapulothoracic
What six actions can the Shoulder girdle for-fill ?
Protraction (Abduction) Retraction (Adduction) Elevation Depression Upward rotation Downward rotation
What fave muscles make up the shoulder girdle ?
Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboids Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior
What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for protraction ?
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for retraction ?
Rhomboids
Trapezius (middle & lower fibres)
What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for elevation ?
Trapezius (upper fibres)
Levator scapulae
What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for depression ?
Pectoralis minor
Trapezius (lower fibres)
What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for upward rotation ?
Trapezius (all fibres)
Serratus anterior
What three muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for downwards rotation ?
Rhomboids
Pectoralis minor
Levator scapulae
Fact Card !
Glenohumeral (GH/Shoulder) Joint
- Ball and socket joint
- Only 25% of glenoid fossa covers the humeral head at any one time, therefore…
– Greater range of motion than any other joint
– Decreased stability around the joint
• The stability of the joint is enhanced slightly by the presence of the glenoid labrum (cartilaginous ring that surrounds the glenoid fossa)
What are the six moments of the Glenohumeral (GH/Shoulder) Joint ?
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction External rotation Internal rotation
What four muscles (other than the four rotator cuff muscles) make up the (GH/Shoulder) Joint ?
- Deltoid (anterior,middle and posterior fibres)
- Pectorals major (upper–(clavicular) and lower (sternal) fibres)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
What is the purpose of the four Rotator cuff muscles and what are they ? (SITS)
Set of four muscles which hold the head of the humerus in against the fossa in the anatomical position.
Stability as well as a movement function:
– (S)upraspinatus
– (I)nfraspinatus
– (T)eres minor
– (S)ubscapularis
What two muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for flexion ?
– Pectoralis major (upper fibres)
– Deltoid (anterior fibres)
What five muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for extension ?
– Latissimus dorsi – Teres major & minor – Pectoralis major (lower fibres) – Deltoid (posterior fibres) – Subscapularis / Infraspinatus
What two muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for abduction ?
– Deltoid
– Supraspinatus
What four muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for adduction ?
– Pectoralis major
– Latissimus dorsi
– Teres major
– Subscapularis
What five muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for internal rotation ?
– Subscapularis – Pectoralis major – Deltoid (anterior fibres) – Latissumus dorsi – Teres major
What three muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for external rotation ?
– Infraspinatus
– Deltoid (posterior fibres)
– Teres minor
What three factors contribute to shoulder injury’s ?
– Shallowness of glenoid fossa
– Laxity of ligaments that allow large range of motion
– Muscles deficient in strength and endurance
