Shoulder Joint and Girdle

Question 1

What two structures make up the shoulder area ?

Answer 1

Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint

Question 2

What two bones make up the shoulder girdle ?

Answer 2

The Clavicle and the Scapula

Question 3

What is the Clavicle ?

Answer 3

The clavicle is a long, slender, S-shaped bone that attaches to the sternum, at the medial end and the scapula at the lateral end

Question 4

What is the Scapula ?

Answer 4

A large, triangular, wing-like bone (flat bone) which overlies the posterior thorax (ribs 2 – 7)

Question 5

What are the three joints of the shoulder girdle ?

Answer 5

1. Sternoclavicular
2. Acromioclavicular
3. Scapulothoracic

Question 6

What six actions can the Shoulder girdle for-fill ?

Answer 6

Protraction (Abduction)
Retraction (Adduction)
Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation
Downward rotation

Question 7

What fave muscles make up the shoulder girdle ?

Answer 7

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

Question 8

What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for protraction ?

Answer 8

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

Question 9

What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for retraction ?

Answer 9

Rhomboids

Trapezius (middle & lower fibres)

Question 10

What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for elevation ?

Answer 10

Trapezius (upper fibres)

Levator scapulae

Question 11

What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for depression ?

Answer 11

Pectoralis minor

Trapezius (lower fibres)

Question 12

What two muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for upward rotation ?

Answer 12

Trapezius (all fibres)

Serratus anterior

Question 13

What three muscles of the shoulder girdle are used for downwards rotation ?

Answer 13

Rhomboids
Pectoralis minor
Levator scapulae

Question 14

Fact Card !

Answer 14

Glenohumeral (GH/Shoulder) Joint

• Ball and socket joint
• Only 25% of glenoid fossa covers the humeral head at any one time, therefore…

– Greater range of motion than any other joint
– Decreased stability around the joint

• The stability of the joint is enhanced slightly by the presence of the glenoid labrum (cartilaginous ring that surrounds the glenoid fossa)

Question 15

What are the six moments of the Glenohumeral (GH/Shoulder) Joint ?

Answer 15

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
External rotation
Internal rotation

Question 16

What four muscles (other than the four rotator cuff muscles) make up the (GH/Shoulder) Joint ?

Answer 16

1. Deltoid (anterior,middle and posterior fibres)
2. Pectorals major (upper–(clavicular) and lower (sternal) fibres)
3. Latissimus dorsi
4. Teres major

Question 17

What is the purpose of the four Rotator cuff muscles and what are they ? (SITS)

Answer 17

Set of four muscles which hold the head of the humerus in against the fossa in the anatomical position.

Stability as well as a movement function:

– (S)upraspinatus
– (I)nfraspinatus
– (T)eres minor
– (S)ubscapularis

Question 18

What two muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for flexion ?

Answer 18

– Pectoralis major (upper fibres)

– Deltoid (anterior fibres)

Question 19

What five muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for extension ?

Answer 19

– Latissimus dorsi
– Teres major & minor
– Pectoralis major (lower fibres) 
– Deltoid (posterior fibres)
– Subscapularis / Infraspinatus

Question 20

What two muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for abduction ?

Answer 20

– Deltoid

– Supraspinatus

Question 21

What four muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for adduction ?

Answer 21

– Pectoralis major
– Latissimus dorsi
– Teres major
– Subscapularis

Question 22

What five muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for internal rotation ?

Answer 22

– Subscapularis
– Pectoralis major
– Deltoid (anterior fibres)
– Latissumus dorsi
– Teres major

Question 23

What three muscles of the Shoulder Joint are used for external rotation ?

Answer 23

– Infraspinatus
– Deltoid (posterior fibres)
– Teres minor

Question 24

What three factors contribute to shoulder injury’s ?

Answer 24

– Shallowness of glenoid fossa

– Laxity of ligaments that allow large range of motion

– Muscles deficient in strength and endurance