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Archaeoentomolgy Midterm > True Bugs- Bugs, Beetles, Mosquitos, Blackflies, Biting midges, Sandflies, Horse and Deer flies, Tsetse flies, Sheep ked > Flashcards

True Bugs- Bugs, Beetles, Mosquitos, Blackflies, Biting midges, Sandflies, Horse and Deer flies, Tsetse flies, Sheep ked Flashcards

1
Q

What order do bugs beling to?

A

Hemiptera

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2
Q

In general about bugs

A

Are free living species
Temporary
Blood feeders on host- can be birds or mammals

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3
Q

What are the 2 families of bugs that are parasitic?

A

Cimicidae: all are parasites
Reduviidae: some are parasitic, some are predatory and suck from other insects

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4
Q

General morph

A

Small compound eyes

Slim antennae

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5
Q

Development

A

Hemimetaboly
In the environment
5 instar nymph stages

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6
Q

Bedbugs

A 
also called Cimex lectularis 
Family: Cimicidae 
All species are parasitic 
Are widespread in the world 
Pests especially in Po houses 
CANNOT transmit the pathogens they ingest with the blood
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7
Q

General morph of bedbugs

A

3 pairs of legs
Mouth part positioned ventrally on the head
Dorsoventrally flattened- they swell when they feed on blood
Wingless
Slender
4 segmented, erect antennae

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8
Q

Life cycle of bedbugs

A

Night time!!
Both males and females feed on blood
Mating/egg-laying/moulting in cracks

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9
Q

Uniqueness of their insemination

A

It’s traumatic
Males have hook-like penis that pierces the females abd cavity, can see the number of times the female has been inseminated by the number of wounds

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10
Q

Kissing bugs

A

Family: Reduviidae

Parasitic subfamilies: Triatoma, Rhodnius, Panstrongylus

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11
Q

General morph of kissing bugs

A

Reduced forewing
Membranous hindwing
Flattened

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12
Q

Life cycle of kissing bugs

A

Night time-Both males and females feed on blood

Daytime- mating/egg-laying and moulting in cracks

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13
Q

What disease are kissing bugs vectors of?

A

Transmit and sustain TRYPANOSOMES! (cruzi)
Bug contains epimastigotes– metacyclic trypomastigote in faeces– scratch faeces into skin– amastigote in cells– bloodstream

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14
Q

Dartling beetle/ lesser mealworm beetle

A

Alphitobius diaperinus
Order: Coleoptera
Very few species are parasitic - this beetle itself is not parasitic but is a reservoir for Po pathogens like Salmonella, Chicken pox and Tapeworms like Rallietina

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15
Q

General morph of Dartling beetles

A

Have v strong chewing muscles- can even get through insulation in Po houses
Typical ‘beetle’ appearance

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16
Q

Life cycle of beetles

A

Holometamorphosis

  • in the environment
  • 7-11 larval instars
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17
Q

Beetle larvae

A

Resemble flea larvae but they have LEGS! (and eyes?)

also have mouths

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18
Q

Diptera order

A

One of the largest and most advanced group of insects
2 wings for flight
2 wings for balance= HALTERE
Larave are worm like, no legs= maggots
Every type of feeding is possible- parasitic, carnivore, omnivore etc…

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19
Q

Suborders of Diptera Order

A

Nematocera

Brachycera

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20
Q

How to differentiate nematocera and brachycera

A

Nematocera have long, homologous antennae segmented (greater than 3 segmets)
Brachycera have short, hetreo antennae (less than or equal to 3 segments)

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21
Q

What is true for the Diptera order

A 
Primarily feed on plants 
Females feed on blood
-day or night (at dusk=crepuscularis)
-autogen or anautogen
-exophil or endophil
-zoophil or antrophil

Mummified pupa=puva obteca- can be acquatic or terrestrial

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22
Q

What are included in the Nematocera?

A

Sandflies
Mosquitos
Blackflies
Biting Midges

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23
Q

In general about Nematocera

A

Have hairy bodies

The phlebotominaw subfamily is the only parasitic

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24
Q

Sandflies

A

Moth or drainflies

Family: Psychodidae

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25
Q

Morph of sandflies

A

Long, slender forward antennae
Male and female feed differently
Parallel veins on wings
Larvae=caterpillar-like, Puparium=mummy-like– both segmented

26
Q

Development of sandflies

A

Holometamorphosis
In wet/decaying conditions- e.g dung, holes of trees
4 larval instars

27
Q

What disease do sandflies carry?

A

LEISHMANIA!!

only the females

28
Q

Mosquitos

A

Family: Culicidae

29
Q

Morph of mosquitos

A

Tiny to medium sized species
Long, slender legs
Long, feathery antennae
Males feed on nectar, females feed on blood
Puparium=mummy-like, can see the outlines of organs
Long proboscis= parasitic!

30
Q

Development of mosquitos

A

Holometamorphosis
Larvae develop is stagnant water
4 larval instars

31
Q

What diseases do mosquitos transmit

A

the FEMALES
Yellow fever
Dengue fever
Parasites: Plasmodium, Dirofilaria, Wuchereria, Bancrofti

Anopheles sp: Malaria

32
Q

How to differentiate male and female Culicines species?

A

Male: have very feathery antennae (strong sense of smell) to find females
Female: not so feathery antennae that are long and slim

33
Q

Mouth part of mosquitos

A

Have a sucking mouth part (proboscis)

Stylet consists of: maxilla and manibula and hypopharynx, and sheet like covering consisting of the labium and labrum

34
Q

What are the 2 main Culicines species

A

Aedes and Culex

35
Q

How to differentiate the Anopheles and Culicines species

A

Anopheles- rest with hind UPWARDS

Culicines- rest with hind parallel to the ground

36
Q

Blackflies

A

Buffalo gnats/ Turkey gnats/ White socks
Family: Simuliidae
Daytime!!!

37
Q

Morph of blackflies

A

Short, homo antennae erected forward
Female= blood-feeder
“hump” on thorax

38
Q

Puparium of blackflies

A 
Mummy-like 
Segmeted 
Slipper-shaped coccoon
Resp tubules 
"grumpy old man"
39
Q

Development of blackflies

A

Holometamorphosis
In running waters
6-9 larval instars

40
Q

What diseases do blackfles transmit?

A

FEMALES
Onchocerca nematodes- river blindness
Trypanosoma
Leucocytozoon

Simulitoxicosis- the biting and allergic effect happening together

41
Q

Biting midges

A 
Punkies 
Family: Ceratopogonidae 
Night/crepuscular 
V. large group
Females-blood suckers
Males- plant juices
42
Q

Morph of biting midges

A

V. tiny <1mm
Long, forward antennae
Resemble mosquitos
How to differentiate from sandflies– look at the wings- sandflies have parallel veins, midges have patterns

43
Q

Puparium of sandflies

A

Segmeted
Mummy-like
Have resp tubes

44
Q

Larva of sandflies-

A

worm like

45
Q

Development of sandflies

A

Holometamorphosis
Larvae in stagnant waters
4 larval instars

46
Q

What do sandflies carry?

A

Viruses: Bluetongue and Schmallenberg
Protozoa: Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus

47
Q

What diseases do sandflies cause?

A

Sweet/ Queensland/ Summer itch

  • Self trauma because of rubbing
  • Skin lesions on the tail, mane and dors and vent midlines
48
Q

What are included in Brachycera?

A

Horsefly, tsetse fly. forestflies

49
Q

Horseflies

A 
Deerflies 
Family: Tabanidae 
Daytime 
Females: worm-blooded 
Males: nectar and pollen
50
Q

Morphology of horseflies

A

Have coloured compound eyes
Slashing/sponging mouthpart

Tabanus and chrysops: quite large
Haematopota: blood-sucking, have patterns on wings

51
Q

Development and life cycle of horseflies

A

Holometamorphosis
Predator larvae in humid, shady areas
7-11 larval stages
Lay eggs on the undersde of the leaves

52
Q

Tsetse flies

A

Family: Glossinidae
Africa
Both sexes feed on blood!
Hosts are mammals and birds

53
Q

General morph of tsetse flies

A

Antennae are forward pointing
Piercing mouthparts- covered with protective sheath, always in vertical direction

Glossinia sp. wing of the adult shows “Hatchet cell”

54
Q

Development of tsetse flies

A

Holometamorphosis

BUT females deliver 3rd instar larva that pupate promptly after birth

55
Q

What disease do tsetse flies transmit

A

Trypanosomas Cruzi

56
Q

Forest flies

A

Louse flies
Family: Hippoboscidae
All parasitic
Both sexes are hematophagous and permanent

57
Q

General morph of forestflies

A

Dorsoventrally flattened body
Legs straddled on side of body- can move very fast
Are resistant to compression i.e they cannot be popped

58
Q

Life cycle/Development of forestflies

A

Female lays 4th instar larvae that pupate promptly after birth on the host or in soil

59
Q

What disease do forestflies transmit

A

Bartonella

60
Q

Hippobosca equina species of forestflies

A

Are very large (horseflies?)

Have permanent wings, when they land on the host they drop wings and become flightless

61
Q

Lipotena cerri species

A

DEER KED
Short mouthpart
After ingesting blood on host they loose their wings

62
Q

Sheep ked

A

Melophagis ovinus
No wings
Pupates on host
Travel by phoresy on the forest flies

Archaeoentomolgy Midterm (7 decks)

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