Troubles at Home and Abroad Flashcards
What are Puritans?
extremist protestants
Why was there an uprising of Puritans during Elizabeth’s reign?
previously lived in exile during Mary I’s reign
Who are Presbyterians?
puritans who questioned the religious settlement
Who was Thomas Cartwright?
-Calvinist
-called for abolition of bishops
What title did Edmund Grindal have?
Archbishop of Canterbury
What did Edmund Grindal encourage?
Prophesying
How did Elizabeth punish Edmund Grindal for encouraging Prophesying?
suspended him as Archbishop
What happened to leader of a separatist church in 1593?
both leaders were hanged
What were the Three Articles?
1583 - repression of Puritanism
What was the Act of Uniformity (1559)?
making Protestantism England’s official faith
What was the Papal Bull 1570?
Queen was excommunicated from the Church by the Pope
Give 2 plots against Elizabeth
-Northern rebellion 1569
-Babington plot 1586
Why was Edmund Campion murdered?
Catholic who was believed to be plotting against Elizabeth
What Catholic items were made illegal in 1571?
rosary beads
How much were recusancy fines in 1581?
£20
What was the ‘statute of confinement’ in 1593?
Catholics could not travel more than 5 miles from home without permission from the authorities
Why did plots and rebellions fail?
-spies (Sir Francis Walsingham)
-punishment (execution, Mary, Essex)
-religion (Middle Way kept most happy)
What year was Mary Queen of Scots put under house arrest?
1568
What year was the Babington plot?
1586
When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
February 1587
How was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
in private
Mary Queen of Scots was a Martyr to her faith. What does that mean?
she died for her faith
Why did England have conflict with Spain?
-pirates (Drake)
-Netherlands
-religion
-Phillip II (proposed to Elizabeth)
Why did England have conflict with Spain: Netherlands
-revolt against Spanish rule
-Robert Dudley and 7000 sailors supported
What technology was used in naval warfare?
-lateen
-astrolabe
-cannons
What year was the Spanish Armada?
1588
Why did England have conflict with Spain: religion
-Papal Bull
-Protestant vs Catholic
How many ships did the Spanish start with in the Armada?
151 ships
How many ships returned to Spain after the Armada?
65 ships
What formation did the Spanish boats use?
crescent formation
What were the English strengths that help them defeat the Armada?
-smaller, manoeuvrable ships
-Drake and Howard were skilled sailors
-Hell Burners (fires ships) broke Spanish formation
What were the Spanish weaknesses that made them lose the Armada?
-inexperienced commander and crew
-weak ships
-bad luck with the storm
Who was Spain’s commander in the Spanish Armada?
Medina Sedonia
