Elizabeth's Court and Parliament

Question 1

Who leads the Privy Council?

Answer 1

Secretary of State

Question 2

What is the Privy Council responsible for?

Answer 2

day-to-day running of country

Question 3

2 previous Secretary of State leaders

Answer 3

-William Cecil
-Francis Walsingham

Question 4

What was Parliament made up of?

Answer 4

-House of Commons
-House of Lords

Question 5

Who made up the House of Lords?

Answer 5

-nobles
-bishops

Question 6

How did parliament manage crime and poverty?

Answer 6

-punishing poor didn’t work
-poor law 1601

Question 7

What religion were parliament predominantly?

Answer 7

Protestant

Question 8

What is a monopoly?

Answer 8

exclusive right to trade in a specific product

Question 9

What monopoly was the Earl of Essex gifted?

Answer 9

Sweet wine

Question 10

Why did Elizabeth use monopolies?

Answer 10

to maintain loyalty of powerful men

Question 11

What was the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 11

1534 - turned England from a Catholic nation to a Protestant nation

Question 12

Who ran the Royal Court?

Answer 12

Lord Chamberlain

Question 13

Who made up the Privy council?

Answer 13

powerful and rich landowners

Question 14

If the Privy council agreed on an issue…

Answer 14

it was hard for Elizabeth to refuse it

Question 15

How long was William Cecil a key advisor of the Privy council?

Answer 15

40 years

Question 16

Privy council issued instructions to…

Answer 16

the Lord’s Lieutenant and Justices of Peace

Question 17

What were the Lord Lieutenants appointed for?

Answer 17

running particular area of country (local)

Question 18

What were the Justices of Peace responsible for?

Answer 18

maintaining order and enforcing law - supported Lord Lieutenants

Question 19

What were the responsibilities of Lord Lieutenants?

Answer 19

-collecting taxes
-ensuring political stability

Question 20

How did Elizabeth control parliament?

Answer 20

-right to reject measures proposed by Mps via royal veto
-imprisoned troublesome Mps
-members of Privy council controlled Mps
-Queen sits in Parliament
-Patronage

Question 21

What is Patronage?

Answer 21

land, titles or power given to ensure an individuals support

Question 22

Parliament’s power over Elizabeth

Answer 22

-Elizabeth needed approval from Parliament for taxes
-some MPs did criticize government policies

Question 23

When was William Cecil appointed as Secretary of State?

Answer 23

1558

Question 24

William Cecil received title…

Answer 24

Lord Burghley in 1571

Question 25

Who was Robert Dudley?

Answer 25

-Earl of Leicester -privy councillor -romantic interest with Elizabeth

Question 26

Who was Francis Walsingham?

Answer 26

-MP -Secretary of State -uncovered plot that let to Mary QoS execution

Question 27

What were Elizabeth's problems as queen?

Answer 27

1. religion 2. succession 3. Mary Queen of Scots 4. Foreign Policy 5. Ireland 6. Taxation

Question 28

Elizabeth's problems: Religion

Answer 28

-change from Catholics to Protestant -rise of extremist Protestants (Puritans)

Question 29

Elizabeth's problems: Succession

Answer 29

-no heir (instability) -Catholics made plots to kill Elizabeth

Question 30

Elizabeth's problems: Mary Queen of Scots

Answer 30

-next in line to throne -exiled from Scotland (great threat) -Catholic

Question 31

Elizabeth's problems: Foreign Policy

Answer 31

-France + Spain both Catholic, with support of Pope -Netherlands (Protestant) conflict with Spain

Question 32

Elizabeth's problems: Ireland

Answer 32

-England rules whole of Ireland -Irish rebellion against her rule

Question 33

Elizabeth's problems: Taxation

Answer 33

-great poverty -taxes would be very unfavourable and dangerous for monarchy

Question 34

Who were Elizabeth's 3 potential suitors?

Answer 34

-King Phillip II of Spain -Robert Dudley -Francis Duke of Alencon

Question 35

Arguments against/ issues of marriage for Elizabeth

Answer 35

-loss of authority, men has a greater status in society -religion (prevent religious conflict) -birth was risky for health

Question 36

Arguments for marriage for Elizabeth

Answer 36

-alliance with a Foreign country (e.g. Spain, King Phillip II) -guarantee loyalty of powerful English family (e.g. Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester) -produce an heir

Question 37

What year was the Essex Rebellion?

Answer 37

1601

Question 38

Background of Earl of Essex

Answer 38

-privy councillor -monopoly of sweet wine -rivalry with Robert Cecil -attacked Spanish port of Cadiz in 1596

Question 39

Why was Essex placed under house arrest?

Answer 39

attempted to draw his sword at the Queen in a Privy Council meeting

Question 40

Why did Essex fall from the Queen's favours?

Answer 40

failure to deal with Irish rebellion

Question 41

What happened as a result of Essex's failure to stop the Irish rebellion?

Answer 41

lost his wealth and influence AND sweet wine monopoly

Question 42

How did Essex rebel?

Answer 42

took 4 privy councillors hostage and 200 supporters on a march to his London House

Question 43

Waht were the consequences of the Essex rebellion?

Answer 43

Essex trialled for treason and sentenced to death

Question 44

How was Essex executed?

Answer 44

in private

Question 45

What did the Essex rebellion prove about the Queen?

Answer 45

Elizabeth held great authority and wouldn't tolerate any challenges to her power

Question 46

Francis Duke of Alencon: religion and position of power

Answer 46

-Catholic (many of Privy council were against it) -heir to the French throne

Question 47

King Phillip II of Spain: religion and relationship with England

Answer 47

-Catholic -married Mary I, but didn't produce an heir and rarely visited England

Question 48

Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester): power and relationship with Elizabeth

Answer 48

-key figure in royal court and Privy council -childhood friend of Elizabeth