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Hazards > Tropical Storms > Flashcards

Tropical Storms Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions are required for the formation of tropical storms?

A
  • between 5-20 degrees N or S of the equator
  • 26C+ water
  • 70m deep water
  • Low pressure belts
  • light wind sheer
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2
Q

Why can’t tropical storms form on the equator?

A

they require the coriolis force

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3
Q

What scale is used to measure the magnitude of tropical storms?

A

saffir-simpson scale

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4
Q

What is the saffir-simpson scale based on?

A

wind speed

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5
Q

what way do storms rotate in the northern hemisphere?

A

anti-clockwise

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6
Q

What hazards are associated with tropical storms?

A
  • storm surges/coastal flooding
  • high winds
  • river flooding
  • landslides
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7
Q

How have tropical storms changed due to climate change?

A

more strong tropical storms

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8
Q

Why has climate change caused more strong tropical storms?

A

Increased ocean temp and air temp
= more air rises
= more oceanic evaporation

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9
Q

How does climate change impact the speed of tropical storms?

A
  • polar areas get warmer
  • less difference in atmospheric pressure between the Poles and Tropics,
  • reduces wind speed between them
  • slows down storms.
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10
Q

Why are slower storms more problematic?

A
  • more rainfall in a given area
  • greater wind damage
  • larger wall of seawater (increased storm surge risk)
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11
Q

How many mm of rain fell in North Carolina in Hurricane Florence 2018?

A

760mm over 5 days

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12
Q

What impacts peoples’ vulnerability to tropical storms?

A
  • storm intensity
  • speed of storm movement
  • distance from sea
  • physical geography of coast
  • preparations made by communities
  • warnings and response
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13
Q

Describe and explain the pressure in a tropical storm

A

The air pressure is low because warm oceans (26C+) warm the air above them, and warm air rises rapidly, producing low pressure. Air then rushes in to take its place, and in turn rises, creating the strong winds.

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14
Q

Why is accurate evacuation advice important?

A
  • ensures those in danger are moved to safety
  • no unnecessary evacuation (expensive)
  • ‘false alarms could cause complacence in future
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15
Q

What is prediction like for cyclones?

A

difficult to predict as more erratic (only 12hrs or so)
LICs impacted cannot prepare/evacuate people

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16
Q

Give three features of Bangladesh’s Cyclone Preparedness Programme

A
  • EWS to identify incoming storms
  • constructing storm shelters (4000 built, 1400 more planned)
  • Planting mangroves
  • encouraging emergency packs
  • awareness campaign/education
17
Q

What data would suggest that Bangladesh’s cyclone Preparedness programme was successful?

A

fall in storm related deaths
1970- 300,000ppl killed by 1 storm
2019- Storm Bulbul, 2.1 million relocated to storm shelters, only 8 deaths

18
Q

What are 2 examples of mitigation against tropical storms?

A
  • FEMA factsheet with advice (insurance, waterproofing, securing etc.)
  • increasing resilience of infrastructure
19
Q

Can storms be prevented?

A

NO

20
Q

In the past, how have people tried to stop tropical storms?

A
  • giant fans
  • cooling ocean with icebergs
  • cloud seeding
  • exploding storms with hydrogen bombs
21
Q

How much is rainfall expected to increase within 100km of the eye of the storm?

A

20%

22
Q

What do the IPCC predict about tropical storms in the future?

A
  • unlikely for frequency to increase
  • number of Cat 4 and 5, 10% increase with 1.5C; 20% increase with 4C)
  • 2-11% increase in intensity by 2100
23
Q

How much rain hit North Caronlina from Hurricane Florence? what cat was this storm? List any other impacts?

A
  • 760mm (over 5 days)
  • 55 deaths
  • cat 1
24
Q

Why might climate change not be a significant impact?

A
  • technology may have been poor, so storms might not have actually increased (especially somewhere like the Philippines)
  • natural variations in climate
25
Q

How much has storm length increased by in the last 20 years? (in North America)

A

60%

Hazards (15 decks)

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