Tropical Disorders

Question 1

malaria is caused by?

Answer 1

members of the plasmodium genus of protozoa: 
plasmodium vivax
plasmodium ovale 
plasmodium malariea 
plasmodium falciparum

Question 2

which cause is the most common?

Answer 2

plasmodium falciparum

Question 3

how is malaria spread to humans?

Answer 3

female anopheles mosquitoes. protozoa

Question 4

what are the consequences of RBC infection?

Answer 4

cytokine release
intravascular haemolysis
sequestration of the spleen

Question 5

presentation?

Answer 5

flu like prodrome or about a month

initial chill then fever and sweating

Question 6

what would you get on examination?

Answer 6

hepatosplenomegaly

Question 7

what is name of fever when you get very dark urine?

Answer 7

black water fever

Question 8

complications of falciparum infection?

Answer 8

hypovolaemia
shock
haemolytic anaemia
DIC

Question 9

intravascular haemolysis leads to what in the urine?

Answer 9

haemoglobinuria

Question 10

haemolglobinuria - what can this lead to in the kidneys?

Answer 10

acute tubular necrosis and AKI

Question 11

what kind of blood smears are diagnostic of malaria

Answer 11

gleam stained thick and thin

Question 12

IV management of severe malaria?

Answer 12

IV artesunate and paraquine

Question 13

management of non severe malaria?

Answer 13

IV artemther + lumfantrine

Question 14

what malaria prophylaxis can you take?

Answer 14

chloroquine
mefloxine
doxycycline
malarone

Question 15

what prophylaxis is cheaper but causes increased sun sensitivity?

Answer 15

doxy

Question 16

what is enteric fever?

Answer 16

typhoid

Question 17

causative organisms for typhoid and paratyphoid?

Answer 17

salmonella typhoid or paratyphoid

Question 18

presentation of typhoid ?

Answer 18

malaise, rash, headache, abd pain, diarhoea

Rash: scanty muculo-papular rash, usually on the chest rose spots

Question 19

what is the investigation for typhoid?

Answer 19

blood cultures

urine and stool cultures

Question 20

what country is cholera usually seen in

Answer 20

india

Question 21

whats the transmission ?

Answer 21

faecal -oral route , from contaminated water

Question 22

how does cholera present?

Answer 22

profuse, watery, rice like stools

Question 23

investigation of cholera?

Answer 23

stool microscopy and culture

Question 24

management of cholera?

Answer 24

oral rehydration sachets or IV

Question 25

causative organism in tetanus?

Answer 25

clostridium tetani

Question 26

is clostridium tetani gram positive or negative

Answer 26

positive bacili

Question 27

what shape is clostridium tetani on culture?

Answer 27

drumstick

Question 28

how does tetanus present?

Answer 28

Prodrone: fever, malaise
Trisumis: followed by full body spastic paralysis

Question 29

management of tetanus?

Answer 29

tetanus imunoglobulin

metronidazole and penicillin

Question 30

explain the prophylactic vaccine? what does it contain?

Answer 30

tetanus anti toxin
3 doses given monthly from age 2 months
booster given at 4 and 14 years

Question 31

management of high risk wound. Started but not completed course?

Answer 31

Immunoglobulin + booster of vaccine at separate sites

Question 32

high risk wound. Not immunized at all

Answer 32

Immunoglobulin + primary course of vaccine at separate sites.

Question 33

high risk wound. Doubtful history

Answer 33

Immunoglobulin + primary course of vaccine at separate sites. will do no harm giving primary course of vaccine