Trivia Flashcards
American individualist anarchist, political philosopher, Deist, Unitarian abolitionist, supporter of the labor movement, legal theorist, and entrepreneur of the nineteenth century. He is also known for competing with the U.S. Post Office with his American Letter Mail Company, which was forced out of business by the United States government.
Lysander Spooner (1808-1887)
President of the BUF
Oswald Mosley (1896-1980)
Capital and largest city of Northern Ireland
Belfast
28th President of the United States
Woodrow Wilson
Figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated with that thing or concept
Metonymy
City and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. 12th largest UK city overall. It is also the second largest city in the West Midlands region, after Birmingham
Coventry
Also called face blindness. A disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize faces is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision making) remain intact
Prosopagnosia
Thick sauce manufactured in Japan under brand names such as “Bulldog”, similar to HP Sauce.
Tonkatsu sauce
Actor who played Ty Cobb in his biopic
Tommy Lee Jones
Figure of speech in the form of hyperbole taken to such extreme lengths insinuating a complete impossibility:
“I will sooner have a beard grow in the palm of my hand than he shall get one of his cheek”
Adynaton
Measure of the number of specific ways in which a system may be arranged, often taken to be a measure of disorder
Entropy
State of maximum entropy
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Actor known for having played Clarence “Clay” Morrow in Sons of Anarchy
Ron Perlman
Four-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its sides with the lower slope, punctured by dormer windows, at a steeper angle than the upper
Mansard roof
Mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the former capital of the Republic of China on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Rape of Nanking/Nanjing
Massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. It was a millenarian movement led by Hong Xiuquan, who announced that he had received visions in which he learned that he was the younger brother of Jesus. At least 20 million people died, mainly civilians.
Taiping rebellion
Beam anchored at only one end which allows for overhanging structures without external bracing
Cantilever
Violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress
New York Draft Riots (1863)
Republican Party nominee for president in 1940. A member of the liberal wing of the party, he crusaded against those domestic policies of the New Deal that he thought were inefficient and anti-business. He waffled on the bitterly debated issue of America’s role in World War II, losing support from both sides
Wendell Willkie
Vice president under Roosevelt (1941-1945)
Henry A. Wallace
Secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the late 19th century
Okhrana
American architect whose work in Southern California combined progressive engineering with humane design and dramatic space-age flair
John Lautner
(Meaning ‘The Consolidation’) is the major centre-right party in Israel. A secular party, it was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties
Likud
The observation that individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people
Forer effect
Law that “upholds, supports or maintains the regulatory order of the universe” in Indian religions
Dharma
French architect best known for having planned numerous airports worldwide
Paul Andreu
Hammer of Thor
Mjölnir
American health food enthusiast of the Victorian era who earned the nickname “The Great Masticator,” by arguing that food should be chewed thirty two times – or, about 100 times per minute – before being swallowed
Horace Fletcher
British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer. He is regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
Refers to experience-based techniques for problem solving, learning, and discovery that gives a solution which is not guaranteed to be optimal. Where the exhaustive search is impractical, these methods are used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution via mental shortcuts to ease the cognitive load of making a decision
Heuristic
Antipredator adatation where a warning signal is associated with the unprofitability of a prey item to potential predators
Aposematism
Professor Emeritus of Government and Near Eastern Studies at Cornell University. He was a scholar of modern Chinese political history. He is best known for his work Black Athena, a controversial work which re-examines the origins of Ancient Greek culture and language
Martin Bernal
Goed, …, best.
beter
Graag, …, …
lieber, liefst.
Veel, meer, …?
meest.
Weinig, …, …?
minder, minst.
Onvoltooid verleden tijd van “komen”
kwam-kwamen
Onvoltooid verleden tijd van ‘lezen’
las-lazen
Onvoltooid verleden tijd van ‘spelen’
speelde-speelden
Onvoltooid verleden tijd van ‘fietsen’
fietste-fietsten
Empire extending over large parts of the Indian subcontinent and ruled by a dynasty of Chaghtai-Turkic origin.
Mughal Empire
Working-class movement for political reform in Britain between 1838 and 1848. The term is anumbrella name for numerous loosely coordinated local groups, often called “Working Men’s Association”, which peaked in 1839, 1842 and 1848. It began among skilled artisans in small shops in Lancashire and the Midlands as a petition movement which tried to mobilise “moral force” but soon attracted men who advocated strikes, General strikes and physical violence.
Chartism
British neoclassical architect who emigrated to the United States and is best known for his design of the United States Capitol, along with his work on the Old Baltimore Cathedral/The Baltimore Basilica, the first Roman Catholic Cathedral constructed in the United States.
Benjamin Latrobe
Infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan’s household troops and bodyguards. The force was created by the Sultan Orhan in 1383 and was abolished by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826 in the Auspicious Incident. They were “door servants” or “slaves of the Porte”, neither freemen nor ordinary slaves. They were subject to strict discipline, but were paid salaries and pensions on retirement and formed a distinctive social class. As such they became one of the ruling classes of the Ottoman Empire, rivaling the Turkish aristocracy.
Janissaries
Repiting cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth (reincarnation) within Hinduism, Buddhism, Bön, Jainism, Taoism and Yoga. In Sikhism this concept is slightly different and looks at one’s actions in the present and consequences in the present.
Samsara
Democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in a coup d’état orchestrated by the British MI6 and the American CIA.
An author, administrator, lawyer, prominent parliamentarian, his administration introduced a range of progressive social and political reforms such as social security, rent control, and land reforms. His government’s most notable policy, however, was the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been under British control since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC / AIOC) (later British Petroleum or BP).
Mohammad Mossadegh
Theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its peak of influence came in the 1910s; by the 1920s, it was still influential but had begun an era of competition and syncretism with opposing or complementary ideas.
Taylorism/Scientific management
Stone-built Neolithic settlement, located on the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of Mainland, the largest island in the Orkney archipelago of Scotland. It consists of eight clustered houses, and was occupied from roughly 3180 BCE–2500 BCE. Europe’s most complete Neolithic village, It gained UNESCO World Heritage Site status as one of four sites making up “The Heart of Neolithic Orkney.”a Older than Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids, it has been called the “Scottish Pompeii” because of its excellent preservation.
Skara Brae
- Judaism The scroll containing the biblical narrative of the Book of Esther, traditionally read in synagogues to celebrate the festival of Purim.
- Slang A tediously detailed or embroidered account: “told us the whole…”
Megillah
American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women.
An anti-war activist and anarchist in the late 1960s, she wrote 10 books on radical feminist theory and practice. During the late 1970s and the 1980s, she gained national fame as a spokeswoman for the feminist anti-pornography movement, and for her writing on pornography and sexuality, particularly in Pornography: Men Possessing Women (1979) and Intercourse (1987), which remain her two most widely known books.
Andrea Dworkin
United States federal law that forbids unauthorized citizens from negotiating with foreign governments. It was passed in 1799 and last amended in 1994. Its violation is a felony, punishable under federal law with imprisonment of up to three years.
Its text is broad and addressed at any attempt of a US citizen to conduct foreign relations without authority.
Logan Act
Eighth President of Suriname. From 1980 to 1987 he was the dictator of Suriname when the country was under military rule.
Desi Bouterse
American psychiatrist and crusading author who protested the purportedly harmful effects of violent imagery in mass media and comic books on the development of children. His best-known book was Seduction of the Innocent (1954), which purported that comic books are dangerous to children. His criticisms of comic books helped spark a U.S. Congressional inquiry into the comic book industry and the creation of the Comics Code.
Fredric Wertham
American physicist and inventor. Along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain, he co-invented the transistor, for which all three were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.
His attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s led to California’s “Silicon Valley” becoming a hotbed of electronics innovation. In his later life, he was a professor at Stanford and became a staunch advocate of eugenics.
William Shockley
Systems of esoteric philosophy concerning, or investigation seeking direct knowledge of, presumed mysteries of being and nature, particularly concerning the nature of divinity.
It is considered a part of the broader field of esotericism, referring to hidden knowledge or wisdom that offers the individual enlightenment and salvation. It seeks to understand the mysteries of the universe and the bonds that unite the universe, humanity and the divine. Its goal is to explore the origin of divinity and humanity, and the world, trying to discover a coherent description of the purpose and origin of the universe.
Theosophy
Queen of the British Iceni tribe, a Celtic tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
Her husband Prasutagus was ruler of the Iceni tribe, who had ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome, and had left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman Emperor in his will. However, when he died, his will was ignored and the kingdom was annexed as if conquered. She was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
Boadicea
“Vergiss es”, ins niederländische übersetzen
Dacht het niet!
“Klingt gut” ins Niederländische übersetzen
“Lijkt me een goed idee!”
“Das geht schief” ins niederländische übersetzen
“Dit loopt verkeerd af”
“Das ist nicht rechtens” ins Niederländische übersetzten
“Dit zit niet goed”
“Record of Ancient Matters”, the oldest extant chronicle in Japan, dating from the early 8th century (711-712) and composed by Ō no Yasumaro at the request of Empress Gemmei. It is a collection of myths concerning the origin of the four home islands of Japan, and the Kami. Along with the Nihon Shoki, the myths contained in the text are part of the inspiration behind Shinto practices and myths, including the misogi purification ritual.
Kojiki
Japanese mountain ascetic practice of ritual purification. This may be undertaken through exhaustive activities such as extended periods without sleep, breath training, standing under waterfalls, or other methods.
Misogi
Onvolhtooid verleden van ‘zeggen’
zei-zegde
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘beantwoorden’
beantwoordde-beantwoordden
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘eten’
at-aten
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘nemen’
nam-namen
(Steenwijk, 26 februari 1884 - Amsterdam, 20 augustus 1970). Nederlandse beeldhouwer en sierkunstenaar. Hij kreeg grote bekendheid als stadsbeeldhouwer van Amsterdam.
Hildo Krop
Verleden voltooid van ‘doen’
deed-deden
onvoltooid verleden van ‘houden’
hield-hielden
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘halen’
haalde-haalden
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘wassen’
waste-wasten
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘leren’
leerde-leerden
Onvoltooid verleden van ‘kopen’
kocht-kochten
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘blijven’
gebleven (zijn)
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘kijken’
gekeken
Comstructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room. They are triangular segments of a sphere that taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for the dome. They concentrate the weight at the four corners where it can be received by the piers beneath.
Pendentive
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘lachen’
gelachen
Voltooid deelword van ‘praten’
gepraat
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘wachten’
gewacht
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘missen’
gemist
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘regnen’
geregend
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘besluiten’
besloten
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘onthouden’
onthouden
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘scheiden’
gescheiden
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘doorlopen’
doorgelopen
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘inhalen’
ingehaald
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘ondervragen’
ondervraagd
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘aanzetten’
aangezet
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘afzeggen’
afgezegd
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘instappen’
ingestapt
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘mislukken’
mislukt
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘betalen’
betaald
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘slagen’
geslaagd
Voltooid deelwoord van ‘stotteren’
stotterend
Dutch equivalent to “sell like hot cakes”.
“als warme broodjes (over de toonbank) gaan”
In military architecture, opening in a crenellation or battlement between the two raised solid portions or merlons, sometimes called a crenel or crenelle. In domestic architecture this refers to the outward splay of a window or arrow slit on the inside.
Embrasure
Vertical solid parts of a battlement or crenellated parapet
Merlon
Rectangular gaps or indentations that occur at intervals to allow for the discharge of arrows or other missiles from within the defences
Crenel
Floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones, or other objects, could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall.
Machicolation
Facade with decorative shape characteristic of traditional Dutch architecture. Its top is shaped like a church bell. It was mostly used in houses that were rather narrow, with a width of the space taken by two or three windows.
It was popular in the Netherlands during the 17th and 18th centuries. Earlier examples were usually lower and decorated in a different style in which flowers and fruits were present in the decorative elements. Those made in the 18th century are usually decorated with Louis Quinze ornaments, resulting in more decorations added to the flowers and fruits.
Clock gable (Dutch: Klokgevel)
Element in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture, and derivatives therefrom, consisting of a gable, originally of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the (entablature), typically supported by columns. The tympanum, or triangular area within, was often decorated with relief sculpture depicting scenes from Greek and Roman mythology or allegorical figures.
Pediment
Triangular area within the pediment, often decorated with relief sculpture depicting scenes from Greek and Roman mythology or allegorical figures.
Tympanum
Superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. They are major elements of classical architecture, and are commonly divided into the architrave (the supporting member immediately above; equivalent to the lintel in post and lintel construction), the frieze (an unmolded strip that may or may not be ornamented), and the cornice (the projecting member below the pediment)
Entablature
Supporting member immediately above the entablature; equivalent to the lintel in post and lintel construction
Architrave
Regional nickname for a person from the larger Tyneside region of North East England, and the name of the English-language dialect spoken by its inhabitants
Geordie
Municipality and city located in the province of North Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender streams. The Gender was dammed short of the city centre in the 1950s but the Dommel still runs through the city. The city had 218,559 inhabitants and 261,082 if adjacent Veldhoven is included, making it the fifth-largest city of the Netherlands and the largest of North Brabant.
Eindhoven
Holidays of Rosh Hashanah (“Jewish New Year”) and Yom Kippur (“Day of Atonement”);
by extension, the period of ten days including those holidays, known also as the Ten Days of Repentance (Aseret Yemei Teshuvah); or
by a further extension, the entire 40-day penitential period in the Jewish year from Rosh Chodesh Elul to Yom Kippur, traditionally taken to represent the forty days Moses spent on Mount Sinai before coming down with the second (“replacement”) set of the Tablets of stone.
High Holidays or Yamim Noraim (Hebrew: ימים נוראים “Days of Awe”)
Mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. It is also called the Mountain of Yhwh.
In other biblical passages, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Sinai, but though they are different names for the same place. Thee is a body of opinion that they may have been different locations.
Mount Horeb
Waar is Bungehuis?
Spuistraat hoek Paleisstraat
Uit welke jaar dateert Bungehuis?
Uit 1934
Waar is het Gebouw Batavia?
Prins Hendrikkade 84-85, naast de Basiliek van de Heilige Nicolaas.
Hoe heet het smal grachtje achter de Basiliek van de heilige Nicolaas?
De Oudezijds Kolk
Hoe heet het Gracht zuiden van Haarlemmerstraat?
Brouwersgracht.
Hoe heet het plein waarna de Westerkerk ligt?
Westermarkt
Welke twee straten verbindt de Westermarkt?
De Radhuisstraat en de Rozengracht.
Waar is het oudste homomonument ter wereld? Uit welke jaar dateert het?
Op de Westermarkt, aan de kant van de Keizersgracht. 1987.
Waar liggen de twee monumenten ter nagedachtenis aan Anna Frank?
Een monument ligt op het Merdweplein, het andere op Westermarkt, vlak bij de onderduikadres.
Hoe heet het straat dat verder van de Rozengracht volgt?
De Clerqstraat.
Wo ligt het Joods Historisch Museum?
Jonas Daniel Meijerplein, hoek Nieuwe Amstelstraat.
Tussen welke straten ligt de Oude Kerk?
Tussen de Warmoesstraat en de Oudezijds Voorburgwal.
Hoe heet het plein, op het de Waag ligt?
Nieuwmarkt.
Hoe het de straat dat van Nieuwmarkt naar noorden loopt?
Zeedijk
Hoe heet de kade die van nieuwmarkt naar noorden loopt?
Geldersekade.
Ouverture aménagée dans une fenêtre ou dans une porte, à hauteur des yeux ou dans leur partie supérieure. Il désigne aussi une fenêtre installée sur un toit ou dans un mur pour la ventilation et l’éclairage des combles ou d’une cave. Ce mot a pour étymologie une question récurrente en Allemand.
Vasistas.
What is the difference between a corbel and a console?
A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console is a piece applied to the structure.
Baie verticale placée en saillie sur la pente d’une toiture, pour donner du jour, de l’aération et/ou l’accès au comble. Elle est composée d’une façade verticale, de deux côtés (appelés « joues » ou « jouées ») et d’une couverture généralement à 2 ou 3 pentes (croupe) formant des noues avec le pan de toiture principal.
Lucarne.
Comble brisé, dont chaque verse a deux pentes : un brisis et un terrasson articulés par la ligne de bris.
Mansarde.
Partie inférieure d’une toiture en combles à la Mansart. Il est situé sous la ligne de bris et sous le terrasson.
Brisis.
Partie supérieure du toit à l’italienne ou de celui « à la Mansart ».
Terrasson.
Ligne de changement de pente d’une toiture a la Mansart.
Ligne de bris.
Window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building.
Bay window (d/n: Erker. f: Oriel)
Preparation and finishing of a surface to imitate the appearance of polished marble.
Marbleizing or faux marbling
Composite material, poured in place or precast, which is used for floor and wall treatments. It consists of marble, quartz, granite, glass, or other suitable chips, sprinkled or unsprinkled, and poured with a binder that is cementitious, chemical, or a combination of both. It is cured and then ground and polished to a smooth surface or otherwise finished to produce a uniformly textured surface.
Terrazzo.
County in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west
Nottinghamshire
French glass designer known for his creations of glass art, perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks and automobile hood ornaments. He was born in the French village of Ay on 6 April 1860 and died 5 May 1945. He started a glassware firm, named after him, which still remains successful.
Ŕené Lalique
Nederlandse ingenieur, waterbouwkundige, minister, gouverneur en politicus. Hij ontwierp in 1891 een plan voor de afsluiting van de Zuiderzee, waarop deze in 1932 door de Afsluitdijk definitief werd afgesloten en het IJsselmeer ontstond
Cornelis Lely
Nederlands politicus, vakbondsman, marxist en verzetsstrijder.
Hij was in Nederland een succesvol vakbondsorganisator en later een radicaal en ook internationaal invloedrijk communist en marxist. Hij leverde in China een grote bijdrage aan de oprichting van de Chinese communistische partij, en was stimulator van Mao Zedong. Hij stond ook in contact met Trotski.
Henk Sneelvliet
Nederlands vlootvoogd. Hij behaalde onder meer successen in de Slag bij Duins tegen de Spaans-Portugese vloot (1639) onder commandeur Joris van Cats.
Jan van Galen
Type of furniture located in a corner of a room. In French, it literally means the angle, or return, formed by the junction of two walls. Since the 20th century, the word is chiefly used to designate a small armoire, commode, cabinet or cupboard made to fit a corner.
Encoignure
Disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, or other close family member has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor
Capgras delusion
Political thesis formed by Kim Il-sung that states that the Korean masses are the masters of the country’s development. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Kim and other party theorists such as Hwang Jang-yop elaborated it into a set of principles that the North Korea government uses to justify its policy decisions. Among these are a strong military posture and reliance on Korean national resources.
The name is sometimes translated in North Korean sources as “independent stand” or “spirit of self-reliance”. It has also been interpreted as “always putting Korean things first”.
According to Kim Il-sung, the idea is based on the belief that “man is the master of everything and decides everything”.
Juche
Founder of the American Nazi Party. He supported General Douglas MacArthur’s candidacy for President of the United States and opposed American intervention in WWII. He was assassinated by a former member of his group in 1967
George Lincoln Rockwell
Pseudonym of the Greek-French writer Maximiani Portas, a prominent proponent of both animal rights and Nazism, who served the Axis cause during World War II by spying on Allied forces in India. She wrote about animal rights movements and was a leading light of the Nazi underground during the 1960s. She was a proponent of Hinduism and Nazism, synthesizing the two, proclaiming Adolf Hitler to have been sent by Providence, much like an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. She believed Hitler was a sacrifice for humanity which would lead to the end of the Kali Yuga induced by who she felt were the powers of evil, the Jews. Her writings have influenced neo-Nazism and Nazi occultism. Among her ideas was the classifications of “men above time”, “men in time” and “men against time”.Rejecting Judeo-Christianity, she believed in a form of pantheistic monism; a single cosmos of nature composed of divine energy-matter.
Savitri Devi
Type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar. The boulders typically seem unworked, but some may have been worked roughly with a hammer and the gaps between boulders filled in with smaller chunks of limestone.
Cyclopean wall
Disputed territory on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.
Its status as a independent state is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, Tuvalu and also by the partially recognised state of South Ossetia, and the unrecognized Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh.
The Georgian government and the majority of the world’s governments consider it a part of Georgia’s territory. Under Georgia’s official designation it is an autonomous republic whose government sits in exile in Tbilisi.
Abkhazia
English painter. He formed the Pre-Raphaelite movement in 1848, after meeting the poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Along with John Everett Millais they sought to revitalise art by emphasising the detailed observation of the natural world in a spirit of quasi-religious devotion to truth. This religious approach was influenced by the spiritual qualities of medieval art, in opposition to the alleged rationalism of the Renaissance embodied by Raphael.
His works were not initially successful, and were widely attacked in the art press for their alleged clumsiness and ugliness. He achieved some early note for his intensely naturalistic scenes of modern rural and urban life, such as The Hireling Shepherd and The Awakening Conscience. However, it was with his religious paintings that he became famous, initially The Light of the World (1851–1853, now in the chapel at Keble College, Oxford; a later version (1900) toured the world and now has its home in St Paul’s Cathedral.
In the mid-1850s he travelled to the Holy Land in search of accurate topographical and ethnographical material for further religious works, and to “use my powers to make more tangible Jesus Christ’s history and teaching”; there he painted The Scapegoat, The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple and The Shadow of Death, along with many landscapes of the region. Hunt also painted many works based on poems, such as Isabella and The Lady of Shalott. He eventually built his own house in Jerusalem.
William Holman Hunt
Eponymous adage that allows the elimination of unlikely explanations for a phenomenon. It reads:
“Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.”
Earlier utterances that convey the same basic idea are known, like in Robert A. Heinlein’s 1941 short story “Logic of Empire” (“You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity”)
Hanlon’s razor
U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Its capital is Madison and its largest city is Milwaukee (population 600.000).
It is known as as “America’s Dairyland” because it is one of the nation’s leading dairy producers.
Wiscosin
American architect, who has been called the “father of skyscrapers” amd “father of modernism”. He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School.
Louis Sullivan
Type of roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls, usually with a fairly gentle slope. Thus it is a house with no gables or other vertical sides to the roof. They are almost always at the same pitch or slope, which makes them symmetrical about the centerlines. They have a consistent level fascia, meaning that a gutter can be fitted all around. They often have dormer slanted sides.
Hip roof
Daktype dat wordt gevormd door twee driehoekige schilden of dakvlakken aan de korte kant en twee trapeziumvormige schilden aan de lange kant van het gebouw.
Schilddak
Bouwmeester die vooral bekend geworden door zijn kerken (Zuiderkerk en Westerkerk). Tevens heeft hij woonhuizen gebouwd.
Hendrick de Keyser
Architect en aanhanger van de classicistische stijl. Hij was verantwoordelijk voor het ontwerp van talloze bouwwerken in Amsterdam, waaronder de beroemde ronde Lutherse Kerk aan het Singel, het Walenweeshuis op de Prinsengracht, Oosterkerk en Keizersgracht 672-674 (het huidige Museum Van Loon). Ook was hij betrokken bij het (ver)bouwen van buitenplaatsen als kasteel Nijenrode en de buitenplaats Gunterstein (toeschrijving).
Adriaan Dortsman (1635-1682)
Architect van Vijzelgracht 2a (Maison Descartes)
Adriaan Dortsman (1635-1682)
Large Victorian house located in Old Town, Eureka, California. Regarded as one of the highest executions of American Queen Anne Style architecture, the home is “considered the most grand Victorian home in America.” It is one of the most written about and photographed Victorian houses in California, and perhaps, in the United States. Originally the home of one of Northern California’s first major lumber barons, it has housed the Ingomar Club, a private members-only club, since 1950.
Carson Mansion
Stylised representation in ornament of leather straps, consisting of flattened strips or bands of curling leather, parchment or metal cut into elaborate shapes, with piercings, and often interwoven in a geometric pattern.
It is a frequent element of grotesques — arabesque or candelabra figures filled with fantastical creatures, garlands and other elements—which were a frequent decorative motif in 16th-century Mannerism, and revived in the 19th century and which may appear on walls—painted, in frescos, carved in wood, or moulded in plaster or stucco — or in graphic work.
Strapwork
Floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones, or other objects, could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. The design was adopted in the Middle Ages in Europe when Norman crusaders returned from the Holy Land.
Machicolation
Two-sided mansard roof
Gambrel
De bovenste verdieping direct onder het dak van een gebouw. De term wordt vooral gebruikt bij gebouwen met een puntdak. De bovenste verdieping van een gebouw met plat dak wordt meestal niet zo genoemd.
Zolder
First Jewish lawyer in the Netherlands. He has had a significant impact on Dutch law, and is also known for his battle for (legal) emancipation of the Dutch Jews.
Jonas Daniel Meijer
Prepared throne, Preparation of the Throne, ready throne or Throne of the Second Coming is the Christian version of the symbolic subject of the empty throne found in the art of the ancient world, whose meaning has changed over the centuries. I
Hetoimasia
American composer, band leader, pianist, engineer, recording studio maverick, and electronic instrument inventor. His most famous tune is called ‘Powerhouse’.
Raymond Scott (1908-1994)
Position, held by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics, that the present occupant of the papal see is not truly pope and that, for lack of a valid pope, the see has been vacant since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958.
Sedevacantism
Jews descended from local Jewish communities of the Middle East (as opposed to those from Europe). The term is most commonly used in Israel to refer to Jews who trace their roots back to Muslim-majority countries. This includes descendants of Babylonian Jews from modern Iraq, Syria, Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Iran, Lebanon, India, Uzbekistan, Kurdish areas and Jews from Afghanistan and Pakistan. Yemenite and Georgian Jews are usually included within this group. Some also expand the definition to Maghrebi and Sephardic.
Mizrahi
Theological teaching concerning the relationship of God the Father to the Son of God, Jesus Christ. It asserts that the Son of God was a subordinate entity to God the Father.
Arianism
Egyptian Neopaganism, the contemporary revival of Ancient Egyptian religion (which also spread throughout Europe in the Late Antiquity) emerging from the 1970s onwards.
Kemetism
Cultural and ideological movement founded in 1939 that reached its peak in the 1940s among the Jews of Palestine. It has significantly impacted the course of Israeli art, literature, and spiritual and political thought. The movement’s original name was the Council for the Coalition of Hebrew Youth It grew out of Revisionist Zionism and according to the anti-Israel activist. Ron Kuzar had “its early roots in European extreme right-wing movements, notably Italian fascism” which was not as anti-Semitic as German fascism, most of its members were part of the Irgun or Lehi,never had more than around two dozen registered members (but most of these were influential intellectuals and artists, giving the movement an influence far beyond its size), and believed that much of the Middle East had been a Hebrew-speaking civilization in antiquity.Kuzar also says they hoped to revive this civilization, creating a “Hebrew” nation, disconnected from the Jewish past, which would embrace the Middle East’s Arab population as well.They saw both “world Jewry and world Islam” as backward and medieval; Ron Kuzar writes that the movement “exhibited an interesting blend of militarism and power politics toward the Arabs as an organized community on the one hand and a welcoming acceptance of them as individuals to be redeemed from medieval darkness on the other.”
Canaanism
- Fine Arts. to reduce or distort (parts of a represented object that are not parallel to the picture plane) in order to convey the illusion of three-dimensional space as perceived by the human eye: often done according to the rules of perspective.
- To abridge, reduce, or contract; make shorter.
Foreshortening
Five Doctrines of Faith in Calvinism
Total Depravity Inconditional Election Limited Atonement Irresistible Grace Perseverance of the Saints
Term used since the 16th century in the Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity to describe certain books and passages of the Christian Old Testament that are not part of the Hebrew Bible. The term is used in contrast to the protocanonical books, which are contained in the Hebrew Bible. This distinction had previously contributed to debate in the early Church about whether they should be classified as canonical texts. The term is used as a matter of convenience by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and other Churches to refer to books of their Old Testament which are not part of the Masoretic Text.
Deuterocanonical
Books of the Old Testament which are also included in the Hebrew Bible and which have always been considered canonical by almost all Christians throughout history. The term protocanonical is often used to contrast these books to the deuterocanonical books or apocrypha, which “were sometimes doubted” in the early church.
Protocanonical books
Highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning, and is similar to vitandus excommunication in the Catholic Church.
חרם (cherem)
Founder of Batavia. Officer of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia (VOC) in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.
Renowned for providing the impulse that set the VOC on the path to dominance in the Dutch East Indies, he was long considered a national hero in the Netherlands. A famed quote of his from 1618, “Despair not, spare your enemies not, for God is with us”, amply illustrates his single-minded ruthlessness, as well as his unstinting belief in the divinely-sanctioned nature of his project. The utilization of such self-professed divine sanction in the use of violence pursuant to his ultimate goals of Monopoly Trade was deemed by many to be excessive, even for such a relatively violent age. Consequently since the independence of Indonesia he has been looked at in a more critical light, and historians view his often violent means to have been excessive.
Jan Pieterszoon Coen (8 January 1587 – 21 September 1629)
Type of magic intended to “turn away” harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye
Apotropaic magic
