Trinitarian and Christological Controversies Flashcards
Ebionism
- Jesus is a man, but not divine
* Jesus was the messiah, but only as a man whom the Spirit came upon at baptism
Adoptionism
- Jesus was human
* Jesus became God’s by adoption
Gnosticism
- They possessed unique higher insight
- Taught that matter was evil
- Believed that Christ’s body was an illusion
- Rejected the OT and Judaism
Montanism
- They were ascetic (severe self discipline, abstention)
- Continued prophetic revelation
- Sought martyrdom
Manichaeism
*Dualistic: light (Christ) vs. darkness (Satan)
Novatianism
- Originated after Decian persecution in North Africa
- Theologically orthodox, wrote fine works on the Trinity
- Opposed allowing those who had lapsed during the persecution to return to the church
- Condemned as schismatic, not heretical
Docetism
Jesus was God, but only seemed to be a man
Arianism
- Jesus was the first creation
- Jesus not of the same substance as the Father
- A viewpoint of the Jehovah’s Witnesses
Apollinarianism
*The Logos assumed a human body, but had a divine mind
Nestorianism
Christ is two persons, two natures, one body
Monarchianism (Adoptionism)
- Jesus became Christ at his baptism
- Jesus was adopted by the Father after his death
- Paul of Somosata
Sabellianism (Modalism)
One God reveals himself in three ways/modes at different times
Semi-Arianism (Eusebianism)
Christ is “of similar essence” with the Father, but is subordinate to him
Machedonianism (Pneumatomachism)
The HS is a created being
Eutychianism
The human nature of Christ was absorbed by the Logo
Monophysitism
Christ had one nature
Monothelitism
Christ had no human will, just a divine one
Pelagianism
- Man is born essentially good and capable of doing what is necessary for salvation
- Man sins because he follows bad examples; Christ came to be a good example
Marcionism
- Mean God of OT, Nicer God of NT
- Jesus was not born into the material world
- Jesus merely appeared at age 29
- His sufferings were not real
- Very similar to Gnosticism
Antinomianism
- Denies the need to obey the OT law
- Was a popular component of Gnosticism
- Has persisted in various forms through out the centuries
Donatism
- Started after the persecution of Diocletian
- Refused to accept back those who lapsed under persecution
- North Africa
- Primary opponent was Augustine
Kenoticism
Idea that Christ fully emptied himself of deity when he became incarnate
