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HPCT MIDTERMS > TRIMMING AND SECTIONING > Flashcards

TRIMMING AND SECTIONING Flashcards

1
Q

Process of removing excess wax after embedding.

A

Trimming

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2
Q

Excess wax is cut off from the block to expose the tissue surface in preparation for actual cutting. Knife/blade may be used

A

TRIMMING

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3
Q

process by which processed tissue, most commonly a paraffin
embedded tissue, is trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices or “sections” to
facilitate studies under the microscope is known as

A

MICROTOMY/sectioning/cutting

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4
Q

What is the IDEAL for Trimming?

A

Four-sided prism/truncated pyramid

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5
Q

capable of cutting a section at a
predetermined thickness by sliding the block into a cutting tool, usually a steel
knife, glass or diamond blade, which is fixed and attached to the machine

A

Microtome

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6
Q

thickness for:
1. ROUTINE HISTOLOGIC PROCEDURE
2. FROZEN SECTION
3. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A
  1. 4-6 um
  2. 10-15 um
  3. 0.5 um
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7
Q

What are the types of microtome knives?

A
  1. PLANE-CONCAVE KNIFE
  2. BICONCAVE KNIFE
  3. PLANE-WEDGE KNIFE
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8
Q

Sizes for microtome knives:
1. PLANE-CONCAVE KNIFE
2. BICONCAVE KNIFE
3. PLANE-WEDGE KNIFE

A
  1. 25 mm in length
  2. 120 mm in length
  3. 100 mm in length
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9
Q

One side of the knife is flat while the other is concave

A

Plane-concave

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10
Q

Both sides concave, recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome

A

Biconcave Knife

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11
Q

Have both sides straight, recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base sledge type or sliding microtome

A

Plane-wedge knife

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12
Q

recommended for cutting celloidin-embedded tissue blocks on a sliding microtome.

A

Less concave sides

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13
Q

used to cut paraffin sections on base sledge, rotary or rocking microtome

A

More concave sides

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14
Q

cutting facet, found on the tapered edge of all knives, the sides of which are more acutely inclined towards each other

A

BEVEL

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15
Q

the angle formed between the cutting edges. About 27˚ to 32˚

A

BEVEL ANGLE

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16
Q

Give the angles of:
1. Bevel angle
2. Cutting angle
3. Clearance angle

A
  1. 27˚-32˚
  2. 15˚
  3. 5-10˚
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17
Q

sides of the knife are inclined at 15˚angle
maximum penetration of the tissues and minimize distortion

A

Cutting angle

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18
Q

the knife should be inclined with a 5-10˚angle will prevent uneven sections and will prevent the cutting facet to compress the tissue block during the cutting process

A

Clearance angle

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19
Q

also known as ralph knives for ultramicrotomy

A

Glass knives

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20
Q

knife for cutting resin section

A

Diamond knives

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21
Q

Honning means?

A

Hard sharpening

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22
Q

What is the direction of honning?

A

Heel to toe for 20-30 times

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23
Q

What is the size of hones by inches?

A

8x3 inches

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24
Q

makes use of a vibrating frosted plate or wheel driven by an electrical motor

A

Mechanical honing

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25
How many double strokes are given each side of the knive to which very gentle pressure is applied?
30 double strokes
26
removal of blemishes and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone to acquire an even edge.
Honing proper
27
What film do you cover for lubrication>
mineral and clove oil, xylene, liquid paraffin or soapy water
28
for plane wedge knife, how many strokes do you sharpen the surfaces?
10-20 strokes
29
for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked. This type usually gives the BEST RESULT
Belgium yellow
30
Gives more polishing effect than the belgium yellow
Arkansas
31
much coarser than the first two typed and used only for badly nicked knives. Followed by either one of the first 2 knife sharpeners
Fine carborundum
32
What is the size of hones?
8x3 inch
33
True or false: The hone should be lubricated with warm soapy water or fine oil before using
True
34
35
The pressure on the knife should be ______ and ______ to keep it from rocking
gentle and steady
36
What tod o to remove all metal particles in honing?
wash with water
37
How many strokes usually in honinh each direction?
20 to 30 times
38
What to do with a black film presen tin hones?
Brush with nailbrush or wash with water
39
After honing, what should you wipe in knife to remove oil or soap before stropping?
Xylene
40
How many strokes for stropping?
40-120 double strokes
41
use in stropping made up of horse leather firmly attached to a solid back to prevent sagging
Paddle strop
42
True or false: Leather strops are dry and require oiling before they are used
True
43
Stropping is treated with _______ oil applied at the **back** of the strop, not the surface
vegetable oil (clove)
44
Two types of sectioning?
Paraffin and celloidin sections
45
Sectioning for rocking and rotary microtome?
Paraffin sections
46
This section is for sliding microtome Frozen section (Cryostat) - Cold knife - Cryostat
Celloidin sections
47
4 methods of freezing?
**Li**quid nitrogen **Ca**rbon dioxide **Is**opentane **A**erosol sprays
48
True or false: Principle of microtomy: a spring balanced pawl is brought into contact with a ratchet feed wheel connected to a micrometer screw, which is rotated, moving the tissue block at a known distance towards the knife for cutting sections at uniform thickness 3 essential parts
Microtomy
49
This part of microtomy holds the tissue in position
Block holder
50
This part of microtomy is the actual cutting of tissue sections
Knife carrier and knife
51
this line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife
Pawl, ratchet feed wheel and adjustment screws
52
What are the 5 kinds of microtome?
Free-U-S-RO-RO **Free**zing microtome **U**ltrathin microtome **S**liding microtome **Ro**cking microtome **Ro**tary microtome
53
Rocking microtome is also known as?
Cambridge Rocking Microtome
54
Who are the inventors of: **Free**zing microtome **S**liding microtome **Ro**cking microtome **Ro**tary microtome
**Free**zing - Queckett in 1848 **S**liding - Adams in 1789 **Ro**cking - Paldwell Trefall in 1881 **Ro**tary - Minot in 1885-1886
55
simplest among the microtomes
Rocking microtome
56
What is the disadvantage of **rocking microtome**?
difficulty in **reorienting (kasi magalaw mauga)** the block
57
MOST COMMON type used today especially for paraffin-embedded tissues
Rotary/minot
58
MOST DANGEROUS TYPE DUE TO MOVABLE EXPOSED KNIFE!
Sliding microtome
59
What are the 2 types of Sliding microtome and its' description of **block holder and knife**?
1. **B**ase sledge: **Block** holder - and moving Knife - stationary 2. **S**tandard **S**liding Microtome Block holder - **S**tationary Knife - moving
60
used for unfixed, unfrozen specimen sectioning for enzyme demonstrations
Vibrotome
61
What is the disadvantage of vibrotome?
Disintegrate sections
62
This is used for cutting sections for **Electron** microscopy
Ultrathin microtomy
63
What knives does Ultrathin microtome uses?
Diamond knives
64
The specimen of ultrathin microtomy is fixed with ___ _____ embedded in plastic?
osmium tetroxide

HPCT MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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