Trigylcerides Flashcards

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1
Q

Triglycerides

A
-Most common lipids:
>Fats are solids at room temp
>Oils are liquids at room temp
-Less dense than water (float)
-Non polar - no uneven distribution of charges
-Hydrophobic - don't dissolve in water
-Dissolve in organic solvent eg alcohol
-Contains the elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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2
Q

Structure of triglycerides

A

3 Fatty Acids joined to a glycerol

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3
Q

General Fatty Acid Structure

A

Fatty acids vary in two main ways:

  • The length of the carbon chain (usually 15-17 C long)
  • The type of bonds between the carbon atoms - single or double bonds
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4
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid

A
  • Contain no C=C double bonds
  • Generally are solids or semisolids at room temp
  • Animal fat is a major source
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5
Q

Monounsaturated/Polyunsaturated

A
  • Contain one or more C=C double bonds
  • Generally are liquids at room temp
  • Vegetable oils are major source
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6
Q

General Formulas

A

Saturated Fatty Acid - CnH2n+1COOH

Unsaturated Fatty Acid - CnH2n-1COOH

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7
Q

Formation of a triglyceride

A

The fatty acids join to glycerol a condensation reaction forming a triglyceride and 3 moles of water

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8
Q

Digestion of Lipids

A
  • Hydrolysis Reaction
  • Add Water
  • Enzyme=Lipase
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9
Q

Lipid Function

A

1) Heat Insulation - fat conducts heat very slowly so having a layer under the skin keeps metabolic heat in
2) Energy Storage - lipids are non-polar and so are insoluble in water. They also yield more energy than the same mass of carbohydrate . They are an energy store in seeds and animals
3) Waterproofing - waxy cuticles are useful, for example, to prevent excess evaporation from the surface of a leaf
4) Buoyancy - as lipids float on water, they can have a role in maintaining buoyancy in organisms
5) Protection - against knocks for delicate internal organs such as kidneys
6) Production of water - fatty acids produce a lot of water when they are oxidised during respiration

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10
Q

Phospholipids

A
  • Lipids with a phosphate group
  • Glycerol joins with phosphoric acid (H3PO40 and 2 fatty acids
  • It is a polar molecule
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11
Q

Solubility of Phospholipids

A

Phosphate head carries an electric charge

  • Head is soluble in water - Hydrophilic
  • Tail is insoluble in water - Hydrophobic
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12
Q

Micelle Formation

A

Forms when phospholipids are placed in water

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13
Q

Phospholipids function

A

Form bilayers and are the main component of cell membranes and organelle memebranes

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