The Cell Theory and Level of Organisaiton Flashcards

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1
Q

The Cell Theory

A
  • All living organisms are composed of cells, they may be unicellular or multicellular
  • The cell is the basic unit of life
  • Cells arise from pre-existing cells
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2
Q

The modern version of cell theory

A
  • Energy flow occurs within cells
  • Heredity information (DNA) is passed on form cell to cell
  • All cells have the same basic chemical composition
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3
Q

Examples of Unicellular Eukaryotes

A
  • Amoeba
  • Paramecium
  • Euglena
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4
Q

Stem Cells

A

A stem cell is an unspecialised cell which has the ability to differentiate into any cell

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5
Q

Levels of organisation

A

Multicellular organisms’ cells are specialised according to the functions they perform leading to division of labour

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6
Q

Tissue

A

An aggregation of similar cells carrying out the same function is a tissue e.g. muscle blood.

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Epithelial tissue covers internal and external surfaces. It has a protective or secretory function.
These are different types:

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8
Q

Cuboidal epithelial

A
  • Cube shape
  • 1 cell thick
  • Found in Kidney tubule, kidney, liver, ureter, ovary, glands
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9
Q

Ciliated epithelial

A
  • They have cilia (small hairs) that beat
  • They move substances eg mucus in trachea
  • Found in trachea/bronchi/bronchioles/oviduct/fallopian tube
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10
Q

Squamous epithelial

A
  • Flattened cells on a basement membrane
  • 1 cell thick so provides short diffusion pathway
  • Found in walls of alveoli (lungs) and Bowman’s capsule of nephron in the kidney
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11
Q

Muscle tissue

A
Function - contract causing movement
3 types:
-Skeletal muscle
-Smooth muscle
-Cardiac muscle
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12
Q

Skeletal Muscle - Striated (striped)

A
  • Attached to bone
  • Function - contraction causes locomotion (movement) in animals
  • Voluntary muscles - you decide to move them
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13
Q

Smooth Muscle - Unstriated (No stripes)

A
  • Involuntary muscles - don’t decide to move them
  • Causes substances to move along tracts eg food
  • Found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, walls if blood vessels and skin
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14
Q

Cardiac Muscle - Striated (striped)

A
  • Involuntary muscles
  • Only found in heart
  • Causes the heart beat - pumps blood
  • Never stops working
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15
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Function - connects, supports or separates tissues and organs
  • Contains elastic and collagen (protein) fibres in an extracellular fluid or matrix
  • Between fibres are fat storing cells and white blood cells
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16
Q

Organ

A
  • An organ is an aggregation of several different tissues to carry out a particular function for the whole organism
  • Eg skin, heart, leaf
17
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs working together to carry out a major job

18
Q

Organism

A

All the organ systems working together making an organism