Trigeminal system

Question 1

what is the central nervous system composed of?

Answer 1

brain
spinal chord

Question 2

what is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

Answer 2

spinal nerves
cranial nerves

Question 3

what is an afferent nerve?

Answer 3

conducted towards the CNS

Question 4

what is an efferent nerve?

Answer 4

conducted away from the CNS

Question 5

where is the cell body usually located in afferent nerves?

Answer 5

outside the CNS

Question 6

steps in the trigeminal sensory pathway from a tooth

Answer 6

tooth
primary afferent neurone
trigeminal ganglion
exit PNS enter CNS
trigeminal sensory nuclei
2nd order neurone -> trigemino-thalamic tract
thalamus
somatosensory cortex

Question 7

what is the trigemino-thalamic tract?

Answer 7

group of nerves running as a bundle in the CNS

Question 8

name this structure

Answer 8

trigeminal ganglion

Question 9

name this division of CNV

Answer 9

ophthalmic

Question 10

name this division of CNV

Answer 10

maxillary

Question 11

name this division of CNV

Answer 11

mandibular

Question 12

name this division of CNV

Answer 12

ophthalmic

Question 13

name this division of CNV

Answer 13

maxillary

Question 14

name this division of CNV

Answer 14

mandibular

Question 15

what are the 3 divisions of the peripheral trigeminal nerve?

Answer 15

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Question 16

name this part of the brain

Answer 16

pons

Question 17

name this part of the brain

Answer 17

medulla

Question 18

name this part of the brain

Answer 18

brainstem

Question 19

name this part of the brain

Answer 19

cerebellum

Question 20

First synapse for trigeminal nerve is where?

Answer 20

in the brainstem

Question 21

why is the IVth ventricle used as a landmark within the brainstem

Answer 21

bottom of it marks where nucleus caudalis starts

Question 22

the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex is divided into what 4 sections?

Answer 22

trigeminal main sensory nucleus
nucleus oralis
nucleus interpolaris
nucleus caudalis

Question 23

name this nuclei area

Answer 23

trigeminal main sensory nucleus

Question 24

name this nuclei area

Answer 24

trigeminal nucleus oralis

Question 25

name this nuclei area

Answer 25

trigeminal nucleus interpolaris

Question 26

name this nuclei area

Answer 26

trigeminal nucleus caudalis

Question 27

nerves from the trigeminal system can enter the sensory nuclear complex. different inputs synapse at different what?

Answer 27

parts of the brainstem

Question 28

what is the likely function of the trigeminal main sensory nuceli?

Answer 28

synapses for touch

Question 29

what is the likely function of trigeminal nucleus caudalis

Answer 29

synapses for facial pain and hot/cold (oral/dental pain)

Question 30

what is the likely function of trigeminal nucleus oralis?

Answer 30

synapses for oral/dental pain

Question 31

what is the likely function of trigeminal nucleus interpolaris

Answer 31

not known but assume reflexes

Question 32

what is a trigeminal tractoctomy?

Answer 32

surgical operation that cuts spinal tract stopping nerves going into caudalis. Results in loss of facial pain and hot and cold

Question 33

what is a trigeminal tractoctomy used to treat?

Answer 33

trigeminal neuralgia

Question 34

in the peripheral trigeminal nerve motor root what do the efferent nerves do?

Answer 34

send signals to muscles of mastication

Question 35

in the peripheral trigeminal nerve motor root what do the afferent nerves do?

Answer 35

from muscle spindles which tell where our limbs are e.g. contracted from PDLMs -> PDL mechanoreceptors which tells use how much pressure is put on our teeth

Question 36

in the motor root of the peripheral trigeminal nerve the cell bodies are located where?

Answer 36

trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

Question 37

the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus contains cell bodies for what afferents?

Answer 37

jaw muscle spindle afferents mechanoreceptor afferents from PDL

Question 38

how is the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus unique?

Answer 38

primary afferent cell bodies within the central nervous system

Question 39

are there synapses in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus?

Answer 39

no they synapse elsewhere in the trigeminal motor nucleus

Question 40

name this structure

Answer 40

trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

Question 41

name this structure

Answer 41

trigeminal motor nucleus

Question 42

the trigeminal motor nucleus is medial to what?

Answer 42

the main sensory nucleus

Question 43

the trigeminal motor nucleus gets inputs from where?

Answer 43

trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus motor cortex

Question 44

the trigeminal motor nucleus sends efferents where

Answer 44

exit via motor root to mandibular division to supply the muscles of mastication