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OSCE PREP > Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy > Flashcards

Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - ophthalmic branch (sensory)
V2 - maxillary branch (sensory)
V3 - mandibular branch (sensory and motor)

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2
Q

Where do the branches of the trigeminal exit the skull?

A

V1 - supraorbital notch
V2 - infraorbital foramen
V3 - mental foramen

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3
Q

What level of the brain does the trigeminal nerve emerge from?

A
  • mid pons
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4
Q

Where is the motor nucleus of the trigeminal?

A
  • mid pons
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5
Q

What are the 3 trigeminal sensory nuclei and where are they located?

A
  • mesencephalic nucleus, proprioception, located in the mid brain
  • chief sensory, discriminative touch, located in the pons
  • spinal nucleus, pain and temperature, located in the medulla
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6
Q

Where does the trigeminal ganglion lie?

A
  • meckels cave
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7
Q

Where does the trigeminal ganglion exit meckels cave?

A
  • ophthalmic (V1) via the superior orbital fissure
  • maxillary (V2) via the foramen rotundum
  • mandibular (V3) via the foramen ovale
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8
Q

What are the three main branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A
  • frontal
  • lacrimal
  • nasocilliary
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9
Q

What does the ophthalmic nerve innervate?

A
  • forehead
  • cornea
  • top of nose etc
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10
Q

Where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal branch?

A
  • pterygopalatine fossa
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11
Q

What are the three main branches of the maxillary nerve?

A
  • zygomatic
  • infraorbital
  • pterygopalatine ganglion
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12
Q

Where does the superior alveolar nerve branch from?

A
  • infraorbital branch of CN V2
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13
Q

Describe the course of the nasopalatine nerve.

A
  • part of CN V2, therefore leaves meckels cave via foramen rotundum
  • branches at the pterygopalatine fossa into the pterygopalatine ganglion
  • leaves the pterygopalatine fossa via the sphenopalatine foramen
  • passes via the incisive canal to reach the anterior hard palate
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14
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate?

A
  • supplies palatal structures around the 6 anterior maxillary teeth
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15
Q

Describe the course of the greater palatine nerve.

A
  • part of CN V2, therefore leaves meckels cave via foramen rotundum
  • branches at the pterygopalatine fossa into the pterygopalatine ganglion
  • leaves the pterygopalantine fossa via the palatine canal
  • enters the oral cavity via greater palatine foramen
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16
Q

What does the greater palatine nerve innervate?

A
  • posterior hard palate
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17
Q

Describe the course of the lesser palatine nerve.

A
  • part of CN V2, therefore leaves meckels cave via foramen rotundum
  • branches at the pterygopalatine fossa into the pterygopalatine ganglion
  • leaves the pterygopalatien fossa via the palatine canal
  • enters the oral cavity via lesser palatine foramen
18
Q

What does the lesser palatine nerve innervate?

A
  • soft palate
19
Q

Describe the course of the posterior superior alveolar nerve.

A
    • part of CN V2, therefore leaves meckels cave via the foramen rotundum
  • branches at the pterygopalatine fossa into the three different superior alveolar branches
  • the posterior superior alveolar nerve leaves the pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygopalatine fissure
20
Q

Describe the course of the middle superior alveolar nerve.

A
  • part of CN V2, therefore leaves meckels cave via the foramen rotundum
  • branches at the pterygopalatine fossa into the three different superior alveolar branches
  • the middle superior alveolar nerve leaves the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure
21
Q

Describe the course of the anterior superior alveolar nerve.

A
  • part of CN V2, therefore leaves meckels cave via the foramen rotundum
  • branches at the pterygopalatine fossa into the three different superior alveolar branches
  • the anterior superior alveolar nerve leaves the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure
22
Q

What do the superior alveolar nerves innervate?

A
  • maxillary teeth and the associated buccal gingiva
    • posterior = molars
    • middle = premolars
    • anterior = anteriors
  • the nerves loop back to form the dental plexus
  • the nerves enter the tooth pulp via the apical foramen
23
Q

What are the three trunks of the mandibular division?

A
  • main trunk (1 motor, 1 sensory)
  • anterior (mostly motor)
  • posterior (mostly sensory)
24
Q

Describe the main trunk of CN V3.

A
  • 2 branches
  • sensory branch known as nervus spinosus or the meningeal nerve, this innervates the dura
  • motor branch known as the nerve to the medial pterygoid and some muscles in the middle ear
25
Q

What are the branches of the anterior trunk of CN V3?

A 
Motor 
- deep temporal nerves 
- nerve to lateral pterygoid 
- masseteric nerve
Sensory 
- buccal nerve
26
Q

What are the branches of the posterior trunk of CN V3?

A 
Sensory 
- lingual 
- auriculotemporal 
Sensory and motor 
- inferior alveolar nerve
27
Q

What does the buccal nerve innervate?

A
  • sensory
  • buccal gingiva of upper molars
  • cheek mucosa
28
Q

What does the lingual nerve supply?

A
  • sensory
  • anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • floor of mouth
  • lingual gingiva
29
Q

Describe the course of the inferior alveolar nerve.

A
  • part of CN V3, therefore leaves meckels cave via the foramen ovale
  • enters the infratemporal fossa where it branches into the posterior trunk of CN V3
  • before CN V3 enters the mandible it branches to give the lingual, IAN and auricuoltemporal
  • the IAN enters the mandible at the mandibular foramen, just before this the nerve to the mylohyoid branches off
  • the IAN then branches into the mental and incisive nerve
  • the incisive nerve does not leave the mandible
  • the mental nerve exits the mandible via the mental foramen
30
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve innervate?

A
  • sensory
  • mandibular teeth
  • associated buccal gingiva
31
Q

What does the nerve to the mylohyoid innervate?

A
  • motor
  • mylohyoid muscle
  • anterior belly of the digastric muscle
32
Q

What does the incisive nerve innervate?

A
  • sensory

- canines and incisors of the mandibular arch

33
Q

What does the mental nerve innervate?

A
  • sensory
  • chin
  • lower lip
  • buccal gingiva of teh mandibular anteriors and premolars
34
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate?

A
  • sensory
  • TMJ
  • elements of the ear
35
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A
  • maxilla

- palatine

36
Q

What is the lingula?

A
  • bony triangular process next to the mandibular foramen
37
Q

What divides the tongue into the anterior 2/3 and the posterior 1/3?

A
  • terminal sulcus
38
Q

What nerve supplies general and special sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A
  • glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
39
Q

What nerve supplies general sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A
  • lingual nerve
40
Q

What nerve supplies the tongue muscle?

A
  • hypoglossal (CN XII) supplies all except for the palatoglossal muscle which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)
41
Q

What relationship does the chorda tympani nerve have with the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • branch of the facial nerve
  • supplies special sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • joins the lingual nerve as a “piggyback”

OSCE PREP (13 decks)

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