Trigeminal nerve Flashcards
what are the three nuclei of termination of the trigeminal nerv?
main sensory nucleus
spinal nucleus
trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
what is the nucleus of origin for CN 5?
trigeminal motor nucleus
what is the one peripheral ganglion associated with CN 5?
trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion
what branch of trigeminal carries motor fibers?
mandibular division is the only branch to carry motor fibers
what muscles are innervated by CN 5?
masseter medial and lateral ptergoid temporalis mylohyoid anterior belly digastric tensor veli palatini tensor tympani
what is the apparent origin of CN 5?
lateral aspect of the pons
where is the trigeminal ganglion found?
a pouch of dura the trigeminal (meckel’s) cave
where does the trigeminal nerve split into its three divisions?
from the trigeminal ganglion
where does the opthalmic division exit the skull?
superior orbital fissure (with CN 3, 4, and 6)
what is the sensory distribution of the opthalmic division?
skin over the nose, forehead and scalp, also sensation from mucous membranes in frontal and sphenoid sinuses and membrane covering nasal septum
what are the 4 branches of the opthalmic division?
meningeal nerve
lacrimal nerve
frontal nerve
nasociliary nerve
what does the meningeal nerve supply?
given off before the opthalmic nerve leaves th superior orbital fissure and supplies the dura in the middle cranial fossa, also supplies the temporal lobes
what does the lacrimal nerve supply?
smallest of the branches passes through the lacrimal gland, which it supplies, and goes on to supply the skin of the upper eyelid
What nerves does the lacrimal nerve communicate with on its path to the lacrimal gland?
it carries parasympathetic fibers that originate in the ptergopalatine ganglion of CN 7, and reach the lacrimal nerve by way of the zygomatic and zygomaticotemporal nerves of the maxillary division of trigeminal
what are the two branches of the frontal nerve?
it is the largest branch and gives rise to:
supratrochlear nerve and the supraorbital nerve
what does the supratrochlear nerve supply?
sensation from the medial corner of the eye
what does the supraorbital nerve supply?
sensation from the conjunctiva, upper eyelid, and forehead, as well as mucous membrane lining frontal sinus
what are the three branches of the nasociliary nerve?
communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion
long ciliary nerve
posterior ethmoid nerve
what are the two terminal branches of the nasociliary nerve?
anterior ethmoid nerve
infratrochlear nerve
what does the long ciliary nerve supply?
eyeball
what does the posterior ethmoid nerve supply?
sensory info from the sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses
what does the anterior ethmoid nerve supply?
skin over the nose by way of the external nasal nerve, and the mucous membrane covering the anterior part of the nasal septum by way of the internal nasal nerve
what does the infratrochlear nerve supply?
medial corner of the eye, including the lacrimal sac
what is the sensory distribution of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
sensation from skin between the eyes and mouth, over the cheeks and temples. also carries info from mucosa lining maxillary sinuses, nasal conchae, palate and gingiva
what are the 2 main branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
middle meningeal nerve
zygomatic nerve
what are the branches of the zygomatic nerve?
communicating branch to the lacrimal nerve zygomaticotemporal nerve zygomaticotemporal nerve two or three ganglionic branches infraorbital nerve superior dental plexus
what does the middle meningeal branch supply?
given off before the division exits the round foramen and supplies the meninges of the middle cranial fossa
where does the zygomatic nerve exit the skull?
the inferior orbital fissure
how does the communicating branch to the lacrimal nerve function?
carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland by way of the lacrimal nerve
what does the zygomaticotemporal nerve supply?
the skin over the temple
what does the zygomaticofacial nerve supply?
the skin over the cheek
what do the ganglionic branches do?
they carry sensory info from the from the upper pharynx, nasal cavity, and palate through the pterygopalatine ganglion to the maxillary division
what does the infraorbital nerve supply?
gives off the posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves that carry sensory info from the teeth. also supplies the lower eyelid and the maxillary sinus
where is the superior dental plexus found?
just above the alveoli
where does the mandibular division exit the skull?
foramen ovale
which component of the mandibular division is larger the sensory or motor?
sensory. the roots combine in the infratemporal fossa to form the mandibular division
what is the sensory distribution of the mandibular division?
sensation from the skin over the mandible, posterior cheek, and posterior temple. also sensation from mucosa of the lower oral cavity and cheeks
what are the muscles of mastication?
masseter, temporalis, and medial and lateral pterygoid
what are the two branches given off in the infratemporal fossa?
recurrent meningeal branch (nervous spinosum)
medial pterygoid nerve
what is the fxn of the recurrent meningeal nerve?
re enters the cranium through the foramen spinosum and carries sensory info from the dura of the middle cranial fossa, anterior cranial fossa and calvarium
what is supplied by the medial ptergoid nerve?
motor supply to the medial ptergoid, but also sends fibers that pass through the otic ganglion to supply the tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani
what is the distribution of the anterior and posterior divisions of the mandibular branch?
anterior division is predominantly motor
posterior division is predominantly sensory
what are the branches of the anterior division of the mandibular branch?
masseter nerve
deep temporal nerve
lateral pterygoid nerve
buccal nerve
what is supplied by the masseter nerve?
supplies motor innervation to the masseter nerve and sensory info from the temporomandibular joint
what is supplied by the deep temporal nerve?
gives rise to an anterior and posterior branch, both supply the temporalis muscle
what is supplied by the lateral pterygoid nerve?
latral pterygoid muscle
what is supplied by the buccal nerve?
major sensory branch of the anterior division, it conveys sensation from the cheek (skin and mucosal surfaces) and the buccal gingivae of the molars
what are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular branch?
auriculotemporal nerve
lingual nenerverve
inferior alveolar (two branches)
what are the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?
incisive branch
mental nerve
motor fibers
what does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
passes through the parotid gland and carries sensory info from the skin of the temple and the ear. also carris some postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion
what does the lingual nerve supply?
sensory info from the mucosa of the oral cavity. it combines with the chorda tympani nerve of CN 7
what does the inferior alveolar nerve supply?
sensory info from lower teeth and chin
incisive branch of inferior alveolar
supplies incisors canines and 1st premolars
what does the mental nerve supply?
labial gingivae adjacent to the incisors and skin of the lower lip and chin
what is the fxn of the motor fibers from the inferior alveolar nerve?
diverge from the inferior alveolar nerve before it passes through the mandibular foramen to supply the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric
what two autonomic ganglia communicate with the mandibular division of CN 5?
submandibular gnglion
otic ganglion
how does the submandibular ganglion communicate with CN 5?
recieves through the lingual nerve some fibers from CN 7 (chorda tympani nerve)
how does the otic ganglion communicate with CN 5?
otic ganglion sends postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland through the auriculotemporal nerve
What is inflammation of the trigeminal nerve called?
trigeminal neuralgia (tic doloreaux) person will feel severe burning, episodoc pain in affected area “worst pain ever”
dental considerations
lower teeth are all supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve so to work on them the entire nerve needs to be anesthatized
upper teeth are supplied individually so anestesia can be administered more specifically
