Trigeminal Nerve 1

Question 1

what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 1

• Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
• Maxillary Nerve (V2)
• Mandibular Nerve (V3)

Question 2

what is the exit point in the skull of the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 2

superior orbital fissure

Question 3

what is the exit point in the skull of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 3

foramen rotundum

Question 4

what is the exit point in the skull of the mandibular division?

Answer 4

foramen ovule

Question 5

how many bones is the hard palate composed of?

Answer 5

2 bones

Question 6

what bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 6

• palatine process of maxilla

- horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 7

name the foramen found on the hard palate:

Answer 7

• Incisive foramen (anterior)
• Greater palatine foramen
• Lesser palatine foramen

Question 8

what part of the mandible forms part of the TMJ?

Answer 8

the condylar process

Question 9

what type of nerves control the muscles of mastication? where are these located?

Answer 9

• special visceral efferent nerves

- from the motor nucleus in the pons

Question 10

what are the three types of general somatic afferent nerves called(sensory) ? where are these found?

Answer 10

• Mesencephalic (midbrain)
• Chief sensory (pons)
• Spinal nucleus (medulla oblongata)

Question 11

what does the sensory mesencephalic nucleus control?

Answer 11

proprioception

Question 12

what does the chief sensory nucleus control?

Answer 12

discriminative touch

Question 13

what does the (sensory) spinal nucleus control?

Answer 13

• pain & temperature for structures supplied by CNV

- general consciousness sensation for the viscera controlled by CN IX & X

Question 14

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 14

• the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve supply general somatic sensation to most of the face, head, and associated orbital, nasal and oral cavities
• the mandibular division also contains the motor root for the muscles of mastication

Question 15

where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

Answer 15

Meckel’s cave on the apex of the petrous temporal bone

Question 16

what is Meckel’s cave?

Answer 16

a cave of dura mater

Question 17

what is meant if all three CNV divisions are affected?

Answer 17

the lesion must be in the pons or at the cranial base

Question 18

If the CNV divisions are affected as well as other nerves too such as CN III & CN IV, what does this suggest in terms of the affected site?

Answer 18

the CNV affected site is likely to be in the cavernous sinus

Question 19

what course does the ophthalmic division of CNV take?

Answer 19

• passes anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
• reaches the superior orbital fissure

Question 20

what are the main branches of the Ophthalmic Division?

Answer 20

• frontal
• lacrimal
• nasociliary

Question 21

what does the frontal nerve (from the ophthalmic division) divide into? where does this correspond to on the face?

Answer 21

• supraorbital nerve
• supratrochlear nerve
  supplies sensation to the skin of vertex and upper eyelid/forehead

Question 22

what does the lacrimal nerve (of the ophthalmic division) innervate?

Answer 22

provides sensory innervation to:

• lacrimal gland
• skin of lateral upper eyelid and forehead

Question 23

what does the nasociliary nerve (of the ophthalmic division) divide into?

Answer 23

• long ciliary nerves
• anterior & posterior ethmoidal nerves
• infratrochlear nerve

Question 24

where does the external nasal nerve derive from?

Answer 24

its a continuation of the anterior ethmoidal nerve

Question 25

where does the external nasal nerve innervate?

Answer 25

provides sensory innervation to the skin at the tip of the nose

Question 26

where does the infratrochlear nerve innervate?

Answer 26

provides sensory innervation to the skin at the medial angle of the aye and adjacent root of the nose

Question 27

what nerve supplies sensation to the cornea of the eye?

Answer 27

nasociliary nerve

Question 28

what is shingles at the tip of the nose suggestive of?

Answer 28

warning sign that singles will also develop on the cornea

Question 29

what is the course of the maxillary division of CNV?

Answer 29

CN V2 passes anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus & reaches - the pterygopalatine fossa via the foramen rotundum

Question 30

what is the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 30

an enclosed space (not fully enclosed) protected by bone

Question 31

where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?

Answer 31

- lies just lateral to the upper aspect of the nasal cavity & nasopharynx - behind the orbit & above hard/soft palate

Question 32

where is the sphenopalatine foramen located?

Answer 32

in medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa

Question 33

what are the main branches of the Maxillary division?

Answer 33

- zygomatic - infra-orbital - nasopalatine - greater & lesser palatine - alveolar

Question 34

where do the zygomatic and infraorbital branches enter?

Answer 34

enter into the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure

Question 35

where does the infraorbital nerve innervate?

Answer 35

- lower eyelid - cheek - side of nose - upper lip

Question 36

what does the zygomatic nerve divide into?

Answer 36

- zygomaticofacial nerve | - zygomaticotemporal nerve

Question 37

where does the nasopalatine nerve travel tO/

Answer 37

the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen

Question 38

what are the different divisions of the alveolar nerve (maxillary origin)?

Answer 38

- posterior superior alveolar - middle superior alveolar - anterior superior alveolar

Question 39

what nerve supplies the upper central incisor, lateral incisor and canine?

Answer 39

anterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 40

what teeth does the middle superior alveolar nerve supply?

Answer 40

the premolars

Question 41

what teeth does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply?

Answer 41

the molars

Question 42

what nerve supplies the anterior of the hard palate?

Answer 42

nasopalatine nerve

Question 43

what nerve supplies the anterior of the palate?

Answer 43

greater palatine nerve

Question 44

where does the lesser palatine nerve supply?

Answer 44

very posterior of hard palate but also: | - soft palate and uvula