Tribes Flashcards
Tribe
Social group organized based on kinship. Regarded to be a “step above” hunter-gatherers and a “step below” states.
Horticulture
the use of limited technology to cultivate a variety of crops at a small scale for human use. often supplemented with domesticated animals, hunting, fishing and gathering.
Pastorilism
Subsistence strategy involving the care of livestock or domesticated animals.
Fertile Cresent
A agriculturally fertile area in egypt that has the perimeter of the three rivers the nile, Tigris, and ufraties, where is known to be the birth place of horticulture.
What were the first domesticated animals?
the ancestors of goats and sheep
what six seperate reigions did agriculture independently develop?
the fertile Cresent Asia New Guinea Northern and central africa south and Central America Peruvian highlands
Paleoethnobotany
Exploration of human-plant relationships in the past through the study of archaeological plant remains.
What is the reason for bigger corn breeds today compared to those thousands of years ago?
Selective Breeding by farmers
Copperlites
Fossilized feces
What are the four effects of domestication?
Increased control over the environment
Increased yields
Greater density of settlement/sedentary
More complex social arrangements
slash and burn
clears unwanted plants
adds nutrients to the soil
productive fora number of years
how did meso-americans innovate with horticulture using corn, bean, and squash plants?
They would plant all of the seeds in the same hole.
The corn would grow up and support the vines of the bean plants, while the squash grows on the floor to keep weeds from growing within the area.
Pastorilism
Subsistance strategy based on tending herds of large animals. Qualities of herd Animals Hardy Herd-able Breed-able Source of multiple products
Where are most pastoralists?
Semi-arid habitats, where there is high seasonality or risk of drought/floods, not conductive to horticulture/agriculture, turns inedible plants into edible animal products.
Nomadic Pastorilist
self reliant mobile farmers who are completely dependent on their animals.
