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Human Anatomy Exam #4 > Triangles and Root of Neck > Flashcards

Triangles and Root of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles divides the neck into the two regions? What are the two regions called?

A

Sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into the Anterior Triangle and the Posterior Triangle

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2
Q

What are the borders (3) of the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid
  • Anterior midline neck
  • Inferior border of the mandible
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3
Q

What are the borders (3) of the Posterior Triangle?

A
  • Posterior border of Sternocleidomastoid
  • Anterior border of Trapezius
  • Middle 1/3 of clavicle
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4
Q

What two muscles create the Scalene Gap? What two structures pass through the Scalene Gap?

A

Scalene Gap is created by the Anterior Scalene muscle and the Middle Scalene muscle-
- Subclavian a. and Brachial Plexus pass through

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5
Q

What are the two major artery pairs are found in the Root of the Neck? One pair has five paired branches, which artery is this and what are the names of each branches?

A 
Common Carotid a. 
Subclavian a. 
- Internal Thoracic a. 
- Costocervical Trunk
- Vertebral a. 
- Thyrocervical Trunk
- Dorsal Scpular a.
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6
Q

What are the three branches of the Thyrocervical Trunk?

A
  • Suprascapular a.
  • Transverse Cervical a.
  • Inferior Thyroid a.
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7
Q

What are the three major veins found in the Root of the Neck?

A
  • Subclavian v.
  • Internal Jugular v.
  • Brachiocephalic v.
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8
Q

What two lymphatic structures are found at the venous angles in the Root of the Neck?

A
  • Thoracic duct

- Right lymphatic duct

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9
Q

What are the three nerves found in the Root of the Neck?

A
  • Vagus n.
  • Phrenic n.
  • Cervical sympathetic trunk
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10
Q

What three viscera are found in the Root of the Neck?

A
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Apex of lungs
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11
Q

What is a cervical rib, and what can it compress?

A

Cervical rib is the development of an extra rib on the 7th cervical vertebra
- Can compress the Subclavian a. and Inferior trunk of the Brachial Plexus within the Scalene Gap

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12
Q

What are the eight muscles found within the Anterior Triangle?

A

Suprahyoid Muscles:

  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
  • Digastric (2 bellies, anterior and posterior)
  • Geniohyoid

Infrahyoid Muscles:

  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
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13
Q

What are the actions of the Suprahyoid Muscles and Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  • Suprahyoid muscles: elevate the hyoid bone

- Infrahyoid muscles: depress/stabilize the hyoid bone

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14
Q

What are the innervations (3) of the Suprahyoid Muscles?

A

Suprahyoid muscles:

  • CN V3: Mylohyoid and Anterior belly of the Digastric
  • CN VII: Stylohyoid and Posterior belly of the Digastric
  • C1 anterior rami: Geniohyoid
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15
Q

What is the innervation (1) of the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A

Infrahyoid muscles:

C1-4 anterior rami (Ansa Cervicalis C1-3)

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16
Q

What vessels are found within the Carotid Sheath and in what order?

A
  • Internal Jugular v. (most lateral)
  • Vagus n.
  • Common Carotid a. and Internal Carotid a. (most medial)
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17
Q

What are the five branches of the External Carotid a. found in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Superior Carotid a.
  • Ascending Pharyngeal a.
  • Lingual a.
  • Facial a.
  • Occipital a.
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18
Q

What are the three nerve groups found in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Cranial nn.
  • Cervical Plexus
  • Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
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19
Q

Which five cranial nerves are found within the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • CN V3
  • CN VII
  • CN IX
  • CN X
  • CN XII
20
Q

What two muscles are innervated by CN V3 in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Mylohyoid

- Anterior belly of the Digastric

21
Q

What three muscles are innervated by CN VII in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Stylohyoid
  • Posterior belly of Digastric
  • Platysma
22
Q

What two structures are innervated by CN IX in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Pharynx

- Carotid sinus

23
Q

What four structures are innervated by CN X in the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Pharynx
  • Viscera
  • Soft palate
  • Larynx
24
Q

What group of muscles is inverted by CN XII in the Anterior Triangle?

A

Muscles of the tongue

25
Q

What vertebral levels make up the Cervical Plexus? What are two specific nerves from this Plexus, what levels do they come from, and what do they innervate?

A
  • Transverse Cervical n. (C2-3): sensory to skin of anterior triangle
  • Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3): motor to infrahyoid muscles
26
Q

What are the three structures innervated by C1 anterior rami that hitchhike with CN XII?

A
  • Superior root of Ansa Cervicalis
  • Geniohyoid
  • Nerve to Thyrohyoid
27
Q

What vertebral levels make up the Cervical Sympathetic Chain? What are the three divisions of the Chain and what levels does each come from?

A
  • Superior Cervical Ganglion (C1-4)
  • Middle Cervical Ganglion (C5-6)
  • Inferior Cervical Ganglion (C7-8)
28
Q

Where is the Ansa Cervicalis located in relation to the Carotid Sheath? Where is the Cervical Sympathetic Chain located in relation to the Carotid Sheath?

A
  • Ansa Cervicalis is superficial to the Carotid Sheath

- Cervical Sympathetic Chain is posterior and medial to the Carotid Sheath

29
Q

What are the three viscera of the Anterior Triangle?

A
  • Submandibular gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid glands (4)
30
Q

What are the arteries (2) and veins (3) of the thyroid gland?

A

Arteries of thyroid gland:

  • Superior Thyroid a.
  • Inferior Thyroid a.

Veins of thyroid gland:

  • Superior Thyroid v.
  • Middle Thyroid v.
  • Inferior Thyroid v.
31
Q

What are the two layers of fascia found within the neck?

A
  • Superficial Fascia

- Deep Fascia

32
Q

What muscle is found within the Superficial Fascia of the neck?

A

Platysma muscle

33
Q

What are the four layers of the Deep Fascia and what are the two layers with sublayers (what are these sublayers called (1, 2))?

A

Superficial (investing) layer

Middle layer

  • Muscular layer
  • Pretracheal layer

Deep layer
- Prevertebral layer

Carotid Sheath

34
Q

What are two additional layers of fascia found on two of the Deep Fascial sublayers?

A
  • Buccopharyngeal Fascia: posterior layer of the pretracheal fascia
  • Alar Fascia: extra layer on the anterior prevertebral fascia
35
Q

What is the fascial space found in the neck and between which two fascial layers is it found? What movement does this space allow for?

A

Retropharyngeal Space is between the Buccopharyngeal Fascia and the Prevertebral layer of the Deep layer of the Deep Fascia
- It allows for pharynx movement during swallowing

36
Q

Is the anterior or posterior region of the Retropharyngeal Space considered the “danger space”? Why?

A

Posterior region of the Retropharyngeal Space is the “danger space” because it connects the head to the mediastinum and can be a route of infection

37
Q

At what vertebral level is the hyoid bone found?

38
Q

What are the three specific cartilages found in the neck and on what visceral structure are they found?

A

Trachea has three cartilages:

  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • Trachael rings
39
Q

What are the six muscles of the Posterior Triangle?

A
  • Splenius Capitis
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)
  • Inferior belly of Omohyoid
40
Q

What are the four arteries of the Posterior Triangle?

A
  • Transverse Cervical a.
  • Suprascapular a.
  • Distal Subclavian a.
  • Dorsal Scapular a.
41
Q

What are the two veins of the Posterior Triangle? What vein do they both come from and what vein do they both drain into?

A

External Jugular v. branches into:

  • Posterior Auricular v.
  • Posterior division of the Retromandibular v.

Both drain into the Subclavian v.

42
Q

What are the lymphatics (1) of the Posterior Triangle?

A

Superficial Cervical lymph nodes

43
Q

What are the two nerve plexuses of the Posterior Triangle? One has two branches, what are the names of these branches and where is each generally located?

A

Cervical Plexus (C1-4 anterior rami)

  • Cutaneous branches: superficial
  • Motor branches: deep

Brachial Plexus

44
Q

What other four individual nerves are found in the Posterior Triangle?

A
  • Lesser Occipital n.
  • Great auricular n.
  • Supraclavicular n.
  • Transverse Cervical n.
45
Q

Which cranial nerve is found in the Posterior Triangle? What two muscles are innervated by this CN?

A

CN XI innervates the Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius

Human Anatomy Exam #4 (6 decks)

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