Triangels and Cervical Plexus Flashcards
What are the four cutaneous nerves of the neck?
lesser occipital nerve
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
supraclavicular nerve
What are the motor branches of the cervical plexus?
ansa cervicalis
phrenic nerve
What are the segmental roots of the lesser occipital nerve?
C2
What are the segmental roots of the great auricular nerve?
C2-C3
What are the segmental roots of the supraclavicular nerve?
C3-C4
What are the segmental roots of the transverse cervical nerve?
C2-C3
What are the segmental roots of the ansa cervicalis?
C1-C3
What are the segmental roots of the Phrenic nerve? Which segment is the major contributor?
C3-C5.
It is mostly C4. C3 and C5 only contribute minorly
Which nerves would be affected by a C2 lesion of the spinal nerve?
Lesser occipital (C2), great auricular and transverse cervical nerves (C2-C3), Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Which nerve runs along the posterior edge of the SCM? What region does it innervate?
lesser occipital nerve (C2). skin behind the ear.
Which nerve crosses the SCM superficially at its midpoint?
transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)
What are the three branches of the supraclavicular nerve?
supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4) has medial, intermediate and lateral branches
What has likely happened if a patient exhibits miosis and ptosis?
Miosis is when one pupil is very constricted compared to the other. This is indicative of a sympathetic nerve lesion on the side of pupil constriction (Horner’s syndrome).
Ptosis is eyelid drooping
What is a pancoast tumor?
tumor in apex of lung. Can cause horners syndrome.
What does middle thryoid vein drain into?
Anterior jugular vein
What does inferior thyroid vein drain into?
brachiocephalic vein
What are the branches of Vagus nerve?
pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal
Starting at the aortic arch and proceeding distally to the axilla, name the branches of the left subclavian artery.
Vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic, costocervical trunk, dorsal scapular –>axillary
Name the branches of the thyrocervical trunk
suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid
From medial to lateral, name the longitudinal nerves at the level of the first rib.
Recurrent Laryngeal, Sympathetic Trunk, Vagus, Phrenic, Brachial Plexus (not really longitudinal but correct order)
What is the superior pharyngeal artery a branch of?
it is the first branch off the external carotid artery
What artery can you get a pulse from on the mandible? What is it a branch of?
facial artery, 4th branch of external carotid artery
Name the first five branches of the external carotid artery
superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital
Name the tributaries to the external jugular vein
Superficial temporal –> maxillary –> retromandibular –> posterior branch of retromandibular –> external jugular vein
Posterior auricular, posterior external jugular, transverse cervical, suprascapular all enter external jugular more inferiorly before dumping into the subclavian vein
Which triangle is the bifuracation of the carotid artery in?
carotid
Which triangle does the mylohyoid form the floor of?
submental
Which triangle contains the infrahyoid muscles?
muscular
Name the contents of the muscular triangle
infrathyroid muscles thyroid gland thyroid vessels thyroid cartilage trachea
Name the contents of the carotid triangle
bifurcation of common carotid artery first 5 branches of ECA (ext carotid) Internal Jugular Vein CN X (vagus) CN XII (hypoglossal) both roots of ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Which nerve crosses the SCM deeply at its midpoint?
CN XI (accessory)
How does phrenic nerve pass the anterior scalene to enter the diaphragm?
Passes anterior and medial to insertion of anterior scalene on first rib, then dives deep behind first rib to enter diaphragm
