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K-AnatomyBlock4Practice > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What lies in the hypophysial fossa?

A

Pituitary Gland

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2
Q

What two structures lie anterior and posterior to the pituitary gland?

A

anterior - Tuberculum sellae

posterior - dorsum sellae

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3
Q

What lies in the sella turcica?

A

Pituitary Gland

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4
Q

What layers would a needle penetrate if pressed into the scalp until it hit the parietal bone?

A

5 layers:

Skin -> dense CT -> aponeurotic layer -> Loose CT –> pericranium

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5
Q

What layer of the scalp does the occiptofrontalis muscle attach to?

A

Aponeurotic layer

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6
Q

What layer of the scalp contains the arteries, veins and nerves that supply the scalp?

A

Dense connective tissue layer

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7
Q

What meningeal layer contains the meningeal arteries that supply the meninges?

A

The periosteal layer of the dura mater.

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8
Q

What innervates the meninges?

A

Meningeal branches of the trigeminal nerve and 1st-3rd cervical nerves.

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9
Q

Which dural partition runs longitudinally and separates the two hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

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10
Q

Which dural partition runs horizontally and separates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres?

A

tentorium cerebelli

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11
Q

Which dural partition covers the hypophysial fossa?

A

diaphram sellae

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12
Q

What structures pass through the foramina of the cribiform plate?

A

CN I (olfactory)

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13
Q

What structures pass through the optic canal?

A 
CN II (optic)
Opthalmic artery
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14
Q

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A 
opthalmic veins
CN III (oculomotor)
CN IV (trochlear)
CN V1 (opthalmic branch of trigeminal)
CN VI (abducens)
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15
Q

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 (maxillary branch of trigeminal)

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16
Q

What structures pass through the foramen ovale?

A 
CN V3 (Mandibular brand of trigeminal)
Accessory meningeal artery
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17
Q

What structures pass through the carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

Internal carotid nerve plexus (sympathetic)

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18
Q

What structures pass through the groove/hiatus of the facial canal?

A

greater petrosal n. (CN VII facial)

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19
Q

What structures pass through the internal auditory meatus?

A 
internal auditory vessels
CN VII (facial)
CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
20
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

A 
Internal jugular vein
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
CN X (Vagus)
CN XI (accessory)
21
Q

What structures pass through the hypoglassal canal?

A 
CN XII (hypoglossal)
Emissary Vein
22
Q

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

vertebral arteries
CN XI (accessory)
Caudal brainstem/spinal cord
anterior and posterior spinal arteries

23
Q

What structures pass through the Condyloid canal?

A

emissary vein

24
Q

What are the veins that course through the spongy bone of the skull called?

A

diploic veins (they drain into the dural sinuses, just like the emissary veins)

25
Q

What two layers separate to form the dural sinuses?

A

Inner meningeal layer and outer periosteal layer

26
Q

Which dural sinus is blood from a diploic vein near the bregma likely to drain into?

A

bregma is the junction of the coronal suture and saggital suture. The superior sagittal sinus runs directly deep to it along the median of the skull.

27
Q

What two dural partitions join to form the straight sinus?

A

Falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

28
Q

Trace the most direct pathway of blood in the straight sinus out to through the internal jugular vein?

A

Straight sinus–>confluence of sinuses–>transverse sinus–>sigmoid sinus–>internal jugular vein (which passes through the jugular foramen)

29
Q

Which sinus forms a loop around the pituitary gland?

A

intercavernous sinus

30
Q

What are the two routes of blood flow leaving the cavernous sinus posteriorly?

A

superior petrosal sinus (which meets up with the transverse and sigmoid sinus)
inferior petrosal sinus (which dumps into internal jugular vein)

31
Q

Which sinus lies along the inferior border of the falx cerebri?

A

inferior sagittal sinus

32
Q

What does the inferior sagittal sinus drain into?

A

the straight sinus–>transverse sinus–>sigmoid–>internal jugular vein.

33
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

A

Maxillary artery which is a branch of the external carotid a.

34
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is drawn from the spinal cord. The patient later reports headaches. What nerve is responsible for this pain sensation and what triggered it?

A

CS fluid is drained, the meninges in the brain ‘sag’ from lack of pressure and the branches of the trigeminal nerve signal pain

35
Q

If someone receives a blow to the pterion, what artery would be in danger of being ruptured?

A

middle meningeal artery

36
Q

How does CSF drain out of arachnoid space?

A

flows into arachnoid vili, which protrude into dural sinuses

37
Q

Between which two layers will blood collect in an external hematoma?

A

skull and periosteal dura (even though periosteal dura is tightly bound to skull, it will push away)

38
Q

Between which two layers will blood collect in an subdural hematoma?

A

dura and arachnoid (can occur without any sort of skull fracture)

39
Q

Where will blood collect in an subarachnoid hematoma?

A

subarachnoid space

40
Q

What structures lie on lateral wall of cavernous sinus?

A 
CN III (oculomotor)
CN IV (trochlear)
CN V1 & V2 (trigeminal)
CN VI (abducent)
41
Q

What artery passes through the cavernous sinus?

A

internal carotid artery (enters then loops back so technically passes twice)

42
Q

How do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

the foramen magnum

43
Q

How do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull?

A

right and left carotid canals.

44
Q

How does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?

A

foramen spinosum

45
Q

How do sympathetic nerves enter the skull?

A

They follow the internal carotid a. through the carotid canal.

46
Q

What two foramens does CN XI pass through?

A

Enters skull through foramen magnum, exits through the jugular foramen

K-AnatomyBlock4Practice (3 decks)

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