Trial and Error Flashcards
How many BOUND morphemes are in the sentence ‘He picked up the flashlight’?
1
Loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain damage is called _______________.
aphasia
Identify all characteristics of the ‘whole-language’ approach to reading instruction.
- Instruction is geared toward the understanding of language’s communicative function.
- Integration of reading with other skills and subjects, such as science and social studies.
- Instruction paralleling the ‘natural language’ learning of children.
Over the course of a couple weeks, a child consistently says ‘ba-ba-ba-ba’ while reaching her bottle. This PROBABLY is an example of ____________________.
duplicated babbling
The child does not appear to understand that she needs to keep her voice down while in the library. This may be an example of the child’s limited _______________ skills.
pragmatic
Which of the following is NOT a positive aspect of bilingualism?
The exhibition of cognitive flexibility.
What did Jean Berko conclude from her studies?
Children possess morphological rules.
First words usually are uttered between _______ and _______ months of age.
10; 15
Damage to Broca’s area often causes problems in speech production, whereas damage to Wernicke’s area often causes problems in language comprehension.
True
According to Patricia Kuhl, infants completely lose their status as universal linguists at about _______ months.
12
Which theorist proposes an INTERACTIONIST approach to language acquisition?
Jerome Bruner
How many TOTAL MORPHEMES are in the sentence ‘He looked at the flashlight, but did not pick it up’?
12
Match the strategy of speech used by adults to enhance the child’s acquisition of language with its proper example.
- expanding - A baby sitter restates what a child says in a more sophisticated way.
- labeling - A mother identifies the name of a thing for her child.
- recasting - A father rephrases what a child says in the form of a question.
- echoing - A father repeats what his daughter says.
A national assessment has shown that fourth-grade children had higher scores on a national reading test when they read _______ or more pages daily for school and homework.
15
The rapid increase in vocabulary that begins at about 18 months is called the vocabulary ______________.
spurt
The ‘whole-language approach’ to reading instruction involves the use of reading materials that are extremely challenging for children to understand.
False
Which of the following illustrates telegraphic speech?
‘Daddy go work?’
Which of the following represents the correct developmental progression of speech-related sounds during the first year of life?
From crying to cooing, duplicated babbling, then variegated babbling.
_______________ is the ability for children to talk about things that are not physically present.
Displacement
Shawn, who is 12 months old, shows that he knows the meanings of many words than he can use. This is characteristic of infants’ ________________ vocabularies at this age.
receptive
On average, infants utter their first word at about _______ months.
12
Match the rule systems of language with their definitions.
- semantics - It is concerned with meaning.
- syntax - It is concerned with grammar.
- morphology - It is concerned with the units of meaning involved in word formation.
- pragmatics - It is concerned with the ability to use language in context.
- phonology - It is the sound system of a language.
Children with Williams Syndrome have excellent verbal skills but low IQ.
True
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of first words?
They include at least one bound morpheme.
Research has shown that deaf children who have no command of written or sign language perform at the same level on some problem-solving tasks as peers without hearing problems. This research supports the view that:
cognition is an important foundation of language.
‘Mama’ is a _______________ nominal, while ‘ball’ is a ________________ nominal.
functional; general
Jean Berko’s famous ‘words and wugs’ research is concerned primarily with _______________.
morphology
A child refers to all four-legged animals as ‘doggy.’ This is most likely an example of a(n) ____________________.
overextension
A child refers to all four-legged animals as ‘doggie.’ This is most likely an example of a(n) ____________________.
overextension
Research shows that in the majority of cases, babbling is intended to be communicative.
True
Displacement is seen often in children who are three years old and older.
True
In the sentence ‘He picked up the flashlight.’ /flash/ and /light/ are _______________ morphemes.
free
Infants begin to use meaningful gestures, such as pointing or nodding the head to say ‘yes,’ at about _______ to 12 months of age.
10
Janellen Huttenlocher and colleagues have found evidence that language acquisition may depend upon the environment to a larger extent than theorists such as Noam Chomsky propose. Huttenlocher has found a remarkable link between the size of a child’s vocabulary and:
the talkativeness of her or his mother.
Children usually are UNABLE to print their first name at age five.
False
Noam Chomsky proposes a LAD, or ‘language acquisition _______________.
device
At about _______ years of age, children develop a remarkable sensitivity to the needs of others in conversation.
2
