Sample Note Flashcards
What is emotion defined as?
Feeling or affect that occurs when a person is engaged in a state or interaction that is important to them, especially one that influences their well-being
What are the two main classifications of emotions?
Positive and negative emotions
Examples of positive emotions include high energy, enthusiasm, and excitement; negative emotions include anxiety, anger, guilt, and sadness.
True or False: Facial expressions of basic emotions are the same across cultures.
True
How do children born blind express emotions compared to those with normal vision?
They smile and frown in the same way
What role do caregivers play in a child’s emotional development?
They help infants and young children regulate their emotions
What is a cultural example of differing norms for displaying emotions?
Concealment of strong emotions in Asian countries versus long and intense displays in Western countries
Who portrayed Japan as a ‘shame culture’ in ‘The Chrysanthemum and the Sword’?
Ruth Benedict
What does functionalism in emotional research acknowledge?
Emotional experience and expression is contextual
What is emotion regulation?
Effectively managing arousal to adapt and reach goals
How does emotion regulation improve in the first year of life?
Especially with proper feedback from caregivers
Fill in the blank: Emotion regulation shifts from _______ sources to self-initiated, internal sources.
external
What is the difference between emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing parents?
Emotion-coaching parents treat negative emotions as teaching opportunities; emotion-dismissing parents deny or ignore them
What behavioral outcomes are associated with children of emotion-coaching parents?
More skilled at soothing themselves and fewer behavioral problems
What are primary emotions?
Emotions present early on, including surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust
At what age do self-conscious emotions like pride, shame, and guilt begin to appear?
About 2.5 years
What is the reflexive smile?
A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli and appears during the first month after birth
When does the social smile typically appear in infants?
As early as 4 to 6 weeks
What is stranger anxiety?
Fear and wariness of strangers, appearing at about 6 months
What peaks at about 15 months in U.S. infants?
Separation protest
What is social referencing?
Reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a situation
How do children’s abilities to understand emotions change from ages 2 to 4?
Their emotion vocabulary increases and they learn to make causal attributions of emotion
What is pride in the context of self-conscious emotions?
Feeling joyful as a result of a successful outcome
What is shame characterized by?
Perception of not meeting standards or goals, leading to a tendency to ‘shrink the body’
What do older children learn about emotions in middle and late childhood?
They improve their abilities to understand complex emotions and that more than one emotion can be experienced in a situation
