Tri 2 Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ad hominem

A

Switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker

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2
Q

Ad populum

A

Bandwagon appeal, “everyone’s doing it”

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3
Q

Appeal to false authority

A

When someone who has no experience to speak on an issue is cited as an authority

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4
Q

Argument

A

Persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from claim to conclusion

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5
Q

Assumption

A

Assuming something

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6
Q

Bandwagon appeal

A

“Everyone’s doing it”

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7
Q

Begging the question

A

Claim based on evidence or support that is in doubt

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8
Q

Circular reasoning

A

When the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence. “You can’t give me a C, I’m an A student!”

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9
Q

Claim

A

States the arguments main idea or position. Has to be arguable

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10
Q

Claim of fact

A

True/ not true

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11
Q

Claim of policy

A

Proposes change

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12
Q

Claim of value

A

Good / bad, right / wrong

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13
Q

Classical oration

A

Five part argument used by classical rhetoricians.

  • introduction
  • narration
  • confirmation
  • refutation
  • conclusion
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14
Q

Narration

A

Provides factual information and background info

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15
Q

Confirmation

A

Proof

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16
Q

Refutation

A

Addresses counter argument

17
Q

Closed thesis

A

Statement of main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make

18
Q

Deduction

A

Ex.
Major premise: exercise contributes to better health

Minor premise: yoga is a type of exercise

19
Q

Either/ or

A

Speaker give two extreme options that are the only possible choices

20
Q

Faulty analogy

A

Comparing two things that aren’t comparable

21
Q

First hand evidence

A

Based on what the writer knows

22
Q

Hasty generalization

A

When the conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence

23
Q

Induction

A
Logical process 
Ex. 
Regular exercise promotes weight loss
Exercise lowers stress levels 
Exercise improves mood and outlook
Generalization: exercise contributes to better health
24
Q

Logical fallacy

A

Potential weaknesses in an argument

25
Open thesis
One that does not list the points
26
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Something doesn't always happen because of something that happened earlier Ex. We elected Johnson as president and look where it got us: hurricanes, floods, stock market crashes.
27
Qualifier
Uses words like "usually" "probably" "maybe" "in most cases" and "most likely"
28
Quantitative evidence
Includes things that can be measured
29
Rebuttal
Gives possible objections
30
Rogerian arguments
Based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential
31
Second hand evidence
Accessed through research
32
Straw man
Oversimplifying
33
Syllogism
Logical structure that uses the major premise and minor reach a necessary conclusion
34
Toulmin model
An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments (5)
35
Warrant
Expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and audience