Tri 2 Chapter 3 Flashcards
Ad hominem
Switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker
Ad populum
Bandwagon appeal, “everyone’s doing it”
Appeal to false authority
When someone who has no experience to speak on an issue is cited as an authority
Argument
Persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from claim to conclusion
Assumption
Assuming something
Bandwagon appeal
“Everyone’s doing it”
Begging the question
Claim based on evidence or support that is in doubt
Circular reasoning
When the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence. “You can’t give me a C, I’m an A student!”
Claim
States the arguments main idea or position. Has to be arguable
Claim of fact
True/ not true
Claim of policy
Proposes change
Claim of value
Good / bad, right / wrong
Classical oration
Five part argument used by classical rhetoricians.
- introduction
- narration
- confirmation
- refutation
- conclusion
Narration
Provides factual information and background info
Confirmation
Proof
Refutation
Addresses counter argument
Closed thesis
Statement of main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make
Deduction
Ex.
Major premise: exercise contributes to better health
Minor premise: yoga is a type of exercise
Either/ or
Speaker give two extreme options that are the only possible choices
Faulty analogy
Comparing two things that aren’t comparable
First hand evidence
Based on what the writer knows
Hasty generalization
When the conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence
Induction
Logical process Ex. Regular exercise promotes weight loss Exercise lowers stress levels Exercise improves mood and outlook Generalization: exercise contributes to better health
Logical fallacy
Potential weaknesses in an argument