Trends in the Periodic table

Question 1

Definition of period

Answer 1

Row in the Periodic Table

Question 2

Definition of group

Answer 2

Column in the Periodic Table

Question 3

How many groups are there in the Periodic Table ?

Answer 3

8 groups

Question 4

What happens to the following, as we go across the periods from left to right?

a) number of protons
b) number of electrons

Answer 4

number of protons - increase

number of electrons - increase

Question 5

What does the period number tell about an atom?

Answer 5

The period number specifies how many shells do an atom have.

Question 6

What does the group number tell us about an atom?

Answer 6

The group number specifies the number of electrons in its atom of an element.

Question 7

In which group is each of these elements found?
Sulfur-
Nitrogen-
Bromine-
Argon-

Answer 7

Sulfur- Group 6
Nitrogen- Group 5
Bromine- Group 7
Argon- Group 8

Question 8

In which period is each of these elements found?
Helium-
Beryllium-
Sulfur-
Calcium-

Answer 8

Helium- Period 1
Beryllium- Period 2
Sulfur- Period 3
Calcium- Period 4

Question 9

Explain how the structure relates to sulfur’s position in the Period Table.

Answer 9

Sulfur’s position in the Period 3 and Group 6 so sulfur’s atom has 3 shells and 6 electrons in its outermost shell.

Question 10

What are elements in Group 1 called?

Answer 10

Alkaline Metals

Question 11

Write the word equation for the reaction of potassium with water.

Answer 11

Potassium + Water —> Potassium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 12

Write properties of the metals in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Answer 12

1. They are soft solids.
2. They have low melting points and low densities.
3. They are highly reactive and are stored in oil.

Question 13

Describe the trend in reactivity of the Group 1 elements as we move down in a group.

Answer 13

The reactivity of Group 1 metals increase as you go down in the group.

Question 14

Which element is the most reactive and least reactive with water in Group 1?

Answer 14

Most reactive- Caesium

Least Reactive- Lithium

Question 15

Describe the trend in the melting points and the boiling points of Group 1 elements.

Answer 15

They all have relatively low melting points which decreases as you move down the Group due to decreasing electrostatic forces.

Question 16

Cesium is in Period 6 in Group 1. Would you expect cesium to have a higher or lower melting point than rubidium? Give a reason for your answer.

Answer 16

I think that cesium will have low melting point than rubidium as cesium is in Period 6 in Group 1 and rubidium is in Period 5 in Group 1. And, as melting and boiling points decreases as you move down in Group 1.

Question 17

What are the elements in Group 7 also called as?

Answer 17

Halogens/Halides

Question 18

What is formed when Group 7 elements are dissolved in water?

Answer 18

Acid

Question 19

Write one use of elements of Group 7.

Answer 19

Doctors wash their hands before an operation as it destroys any viruses on their hands

Question 20

Write a word equation for the reaction of hydrogen and fluorine.

Answer 20

Hydrogen + Fluorine —-> Hydrogen Fluoride

Question 21

What will happen if chlorine and hydrogen are exposed to sunlight?

Answer 21

Chlorine and hydrogen will explode if they are exposed to sunlight.

Question 22

Astatine is the element below iodine in Group 7. Would you expect astatine to be more or less reactive than iodine? Give a reason for your answer.

Answer 22

Astatine will be less reactive than iodine because as we go down in Group 7 the reactivity decreases.

Question 23

What are the elements in Group 8 also called as?

Answer 23

Noble Gases

Question 24

What is observed when electricity is passed through Group 8 elements?

Answer 24

The group 8 elements emit coloured light when electricity is passed through them.

Question 25

When elements react with other elements their atoms form a full outer shell of electrons. Use this information to suggest why Group 8 elements are unreactive.

Answer 25

Group 8 elements are unreactive as the outermost shell of the atom of an element in Group 8 is already full of electrons.

Question 26

What happens to the mass of an atom, as we move across a period from left to right? Explain.

Answer 26

The mass of an atom increases as we move across a period from left to right because the number of protons, electrons and neutrons increase.

Question 27

Where do we find metals and non-metals on the right side of the Periodic Table?

Answer 27

We find the metals on the right-side and the non-metals on the left-side of the Periodic Table.