Trends in Children's Mental Health

Question 1

How many children (aged 5-19) had a mental disorder?

Answer 1

1 in 8

Question 2

How many children (aged 5-19) had an emotional disorder?

Answer 2

1 in 12 (8%)

Question 3

How many children (aged 5-19) had a behavioural disorder?

Answer 3

1 in 20 (4.6%)

Question 4

How many children (aged 5-19) had another disorder?

Answer 4

1 in 50 (2.%)

Question 5

How many children (aged 5-19) had a hyperactivity disorder?

Answer 5

1 in 60 (1.6%)

Question 6

What are the typical characteristics of young people with a disorder?

Answer 6

White / low income / poor general health / unhealthy family function / parental mental health / parental beliefs

Question 7

What is an emotional disorder?

Answer 7

Anxiety (7%) or depressive disorders (2%)

Question 8

What is a behavioural disorder?

Answer 8

Disruptive and violent behaviour where social norms, the rights of others or rules are violated

Question 9

What do behavioural disorders lead to?

Answer 9

Antisocial personality disorder or substance abuse disorders in adulthood

Question 10

What is a hyperactivity disorder?

Answer 10

Patterns of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity

Question 11

What where the other disorder’s in the NHS research?

Answer 11

Autism, eating disorders and tics

Question 12

According to Collishaw, what has changed in mental health over time?

Answer 12

Diagnosis of emotional and antisocial behaviour disorders has changed (both increased and decreased)

Question 13

Why has the prevlance of MH in children changed over time?

Answer 13

Changes in reporting / changes in vulnerability (AHDH due to premature) / changes in family life (separation) / bullying / educational changes

Question 14

What are the 3 types of prevalence? explain the difference.

Answer 14

Point: specific moment in time
Period: any point during a given period
Lifetime: at some point in life

Question 15

Which gender is more likely to suffer at a younger age and which gender is more likely to suffer at an older age?

Answer 15

Younger = boys
Older = girls

Question 16

At approximately what age do anxiety, impulse control, substance use and mood disorder emerge?

Answer 16

Anx. = 11 / Impulse = 11 / Substance = 20 / Mood = 30

Question 17

What is the prevalence of any mental disorder, worldwide?

Answer 17

13.4%

Question 18

What are 4 consequences of childhood mental health problems?

Answer 18

Social functioning, educational outcomes, persists into adulthood, suicide

Question 19

What 2 scales measure the burden of mental health problems?

Answer 19

Disability adjusted life years (DALY) / Years lived with disability (YLD)

Question 20

What is the DALY score for 0-24 year olds, worldwide?

Answer 20

55.5 million

Question 21

What is the YLD score for 0-24 year olds, worldwide?

Answer 21

54.2 million

Question 22

In what type of country is mental health more a burden?

Answer 22

High income countries

Question 23

What does Erskine’s research about the burden of mental health suggest?

Answer 23

That the burden is increasing in low-income countries

Question 24

What is the best method for measuring trends in childhood mental health?

Answer 24

To directly compare cohorts, where data was collected using the same methods at different points in time

Question 25

Looking at trends in MH in England, which disorder has had the biggest rise?

Answer 25

Emotional disorders

Question 26

What was the trend of depression in the US, since 1991, according to Twenge’s research?

Answer 26

It was stable until 2009, when depression spiked - exclusively by females

Question 27

What are depressive symptoms associated with?

Answer 27

Technology

Question 28

What are low depressive symptoms associated with?

Answer 28

Reading, religious activities, sports, exercise, in person interaction

Question 29

What are the highest depressive symptoms associated with?

Answer 29

Low real life social interaction and high social media interaction

Question 30

According to Xu, what has happened to the trend in ADHD overtime?

Answer 30

Increased

Question 31

What could be the cause for the increase in ADHD diagnosis?

Answer 31

Broadened criteria / more medical awareness / improved access to care / drug use / survival of premature births

Question 32

According to Poancxyk, the biggest prediction of prevalence rates is due to..?

Answer 32

Methodological factors

Question 33

According to Poancxyk, the lowest prediction of prevalence rates is due to..?

Answer 33

Geographical location and year of study

Question 34

In Le’s study, what Vietnam cohort had the most prevalent MH problems?

Answer 34

2009/10 (as opposed to 2003/4)

Question 35

According to the Good Child Report, as well as MH disorders on the rise, there is a decrease in..?

Answer 35

Childhood life satisfaction

Question 36

What might explain changes in trends in childhood MH?

Answer 36

Shift in how problems are perceived and reported / shift in threshold for rating disorders / over-pathologising

Question 37

In Collishaw’s model, what four factors are influencing the changes in MH trends?

Answer 37

Individual vulnerability / Familial factors / Extra-familial factors / Socio-cultural factors

Question 38

In Collishaw’s model, what is an individual vulnerability factor?

Answer 38

Increased survival

Question 39

In Collishaw’s model, what is a familial factor?

Answer 39

Changes in family compositions

Question 40

In Collishaw’s model, what is an extra-familial factor?

Answer 40

Increases in academic pressures / bullying

Question 41

In Collishaw’s model, what is a socio-cultural factor?

Answer 41

Technology changes / health inequalities

Question 42

What do health inequalities show?

Answer 42

That the MH gap between advantaged and disadvantaged children is getting bigger (getting worse)

Question 43

What is poverty associated with?

Answer 43

Poorer child MH

Question 44

According to sellers, what 3 MH outcomes have gotten worse in recent cohorts?

Answer 44

Boys and girls aged 7: social functioning problems, passing exams, poorer adult MH