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TERM 2_Developmental > Nature and Child Well-Being > Flashcards

Nature and Child Well-Being Flashcards

1
Q

What did Engemann’s research find?

A

That greenspace in childhood is associated with lower risk of adult psychiatric disorders / those living in the lowest greenspcae, were at a 55% higher risk of developing a mental disorder

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2
Q

According to Engemann, what disorders are associated the most, with living in low greenspace area’s?

A

Mood disorder’s, depression, neurotic disorder’s, neurotic disorder’s, stress-related disorder’s, somatic disorder’s

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3
Q

According to Engemann, what are some of the benefits of living in an area with more exposure to greenspace?

A

Lower risk of depression and schizophrenia / improved cognitive development in children / reduced neural activity linked to psychiatric disorders / improved mental health / more exercise / improved social coherence / decreased noise and air pollution / improved immune functioning

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4
Q

What did Mygind’s research find that greenspace benefited?

A

Self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience, academic and cognitive performance

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5
Q

According to Lambert (2015), what has urban living been related to?

A

Adverse health

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6
Q

According to Vassos, living in urban area’s creates a 200% increased risk of children developing…

A

Schizophrenia

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7
Q

According to Peen, living in urban area’s creates a 50% increased risk of developing…

A

Anxiety

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8
Q

What is the main measure of green-space?

A

Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (measures quality, density and variability of green-space)

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9
Q

What is another measure of green-space (not NDVI)?

A

Nature Relatedness Scale to measure Connectedness (reliable, unchanging continuum)

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10
Q

What physical health problems can be improved by an increase in contact with nature?

A

CV disease / obesity / diabetes / asthma / stress / mood

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11
Q

What does Sarkar say about the relationship between Green-space and MDD?

A

Green-space is a protective factor for risk of MDD / greater benefits in females

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12
Q

Although their is a small effect size, what doe White suggest that green-space predicts?

A

Less mental distress and greater life satisfaction

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13
Q

What disorders have the strongest association with green-space, according to Maas?

A

Anxiety and depression

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14
Q

According to Donovan, what does green-space decrease the risk of in children?

A

ADHD (increasing he minimum NDVI was protective against ADHD)

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15
Q

Why might there be an association between green-space and ADHD?

A

Lower rates of diagnosis and in-access to treatment

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16
Q

According to Engemann, what does green-space decrease the risk of in children?

A

Schizophrenia (protective factor)

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17
Q

What did Engemann’s research find about green-space and mental disorder?

A

Risk of disorders declined in a dose response manner / more green-space = lower risk

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18
Q

According to Davadand, what impact does nature have on children’s development?

A

Increases brain and cognitive development / role may be indirect via noise and air pollution

19
Q

What is the relationship between green-space and working memory/attention?

A

Green-space exposure had a benefit on cognitive development, mediated by a reduction in air pollution

20
Q

Does green-space exposure need to be direct?

A

No - window views and images have a positive effect on life satisfaction, cognitive skills and stress

21
Q

What did Gladwell’s research into images of green-space find?

A

Photos and videos of nature reduced physiological indices of stress

22
Q

What is meant by a connection with nature?

A

People’s desire and fascination to be in nature - not just having contact with it

23
Q

What did Mayer’s research find about nature connections?

A

People with good connections with nature, display more pro-environmental behaviours

24
Q

What did Capaldi’s research find about nature connections?

A

Better connections = greater happiness and well-being

25
Q

According to Nisbet, what 4 things did nature relatedness correlate with?

A

Positive affect, commitment to ecological issues, attitudes towards sustainability, psychological well-being

26
Q

According to Pritchard, connectedness has a small but significant on..?

A

Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being

27
Q

What are the 2 main hypotheses about natures benefit on well-being?

A

Biophilia hypothesis and attention restoration hypothesis

28
Q

What is the Biophillia hypothesis? Who by?

A

Wilson: humans have an innate need to connect with nature / well-being and survival of ancestors was dependent on nature relatonships / attraction to nature - from young and across cultures / we’ve only recently started living in built up area’s

29
Q

What is the Attention Restoration hypothesis? Who by?

A

Kaplan: nature exposure improves cognitive performance via restoration of our limited resources / nature = involuntary attention = effortless and less cognitive intense / nature improves concentration, memory, attention nd self-regulation

30
Q

What is the Stress Reduction hypothesis?

A

Exposure to unthreatening, natural environment elicits stress reducing psychological responses

31
Q

What differences were found in those who watched a stressful film and weer then shown either built up or natural environments?

A

Those who saw a natural environment had a quicker and complete reduction in stress

32
Q

What % of MH outcomes showed improvements after immersive nature experiences?

A

65.7%

33
Q

What did immersive nature experiences have the best outcomes fro?

A

Self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience and academic and cognitive performance

34
Q

According to White, what dosage of nature is beneficial?

A

120 minutes

35
Q

After how many minutes, does the effects of nature plateau?

A

200-300

36
Q

What are the limitations of research into the amount of nature exposure needed?

A

Small effect size / associations may be due to healthier people choosing to spend more time in nature / ignores the quality

37
Q

What is ecotherapy?

A

Nature based interventions in natural settings

38
Q

What are some examples of ecotherapy?

A

Social and therapeutic horticulture / animal assisted interventions / care farming / nature arts and crafts / green exercise / wilderness therapy

39
Q

What is the name of a type of ecotherapy organisation?

A

Ecominds

40
Q

What are the benefits of Ecominds?

A

Improves mental well-being / increases activeness / boosts skills and confidence / connects socially isolated people

41
Q

What re Ecominds five-ways-to-wellbeing?

A

More active / connect with others / take notice of the world / keep learning / give back

42
Q

What % increase in mental well-being was found from Ecominds?

A

69%

43
Q

What % increase in overall health was found from Ecominds?

A

62%

TERM 2_Developmental (6 decks)

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