Trends In Birth Rate And Family Size

Question 1

Reason 1 : postmodernism popularity

Answer 1

• Beck individualisation: make own decisions
• Beck risk : children are risk to economic well-being and relationships
• giddens confluent love: love is temporary
• giddens reflexivity : constantly questioning if want children or not

Question 2

Factors to reason 2 : changing social attitudes in children

Answer 2

• child-centredness
• cost of a child
• “childless” to “child-free”

Question 3

What is child-centredness ?

Answer 3

Attitudes towards children and childhood has changed. Family has become less childcentred and have less children

Question 4

The cost of a child :

Answer 4

CEBR in 2013 cost of raising a child from birth was £230,000 so , 1/5 parents deli having children due to cuts in child benifits

Question 5

“Childless” to “childfree”

Answer 5

Larger families use to be seen as desirable now smaller family improve living standards and people describe themselves as “childfree” so shows choosing lifestyle

Question 6

What is reason 3

Answer 6

Changing role of women

Question 7

Factors for changing roles of women

Answer 7

• sue sharpe
• Maire Ni Bhrolonain and Eva Beauyouan
• women participation in the labour force

Question 8

Maire Ni Bhrolonain and Eva Beaujouan: women’s rising level of educational achievement

Answer 8

Women are staying longer in education and want fewer kids and start career right after eduction

Question 9

What is happening to age of marriage and childbearing

Answer 9

Declining

Question 10

Reason 1 for decline in marriage and childbearing

Answer 10

Changing social attitudes

Question 11

Factor of changing social attitude ?

Answer 11

Less social pressure : more acceptable

Question 12

What is reason 2 of decline in marriage and childbearing ?

Answer 12

Postmodernism ideas

Question 13

Factors for postmodernism ideas for decline in marriage and childbearing ?

Answer 13

• giddens: confluent love and reflexivity
• beck: individualisation and risk

Question 14

Reason 3 for decline in marriage and childbearing?

Answer 14

Changing role of women

Question 15

Factors for changing role of women in decline of marriage and childbearing

Answer 15

• sue sharpe
• Maire Ni Bhrolohain and Eva Beaujoun women rising level in educational achievement
• women participation in labour force

Question 16

Reasons for ageing population

Answer 16

Reason 1: improved healthcare
Reason 2: changing social attitudes to children
Reason 3: children as economic burden

Question 17

Reason 1 for ageing population?

Answer 17

Improved healthcare

Question 18

Factors under reason 1 : improved healthcare for ageing population.

Answer 18

Medical advancement and healthcare awareness campaign

Question 19

What is medical advancements ?

Answer 19

• introduction to NHS means that everyone has access to healthcare and Everyone can afford
• elderly likely to survive than die due to control of infectious disease
• technology, vaccine and surgery techniques

Question 20

What is healthcare awareness campaign

Answer 20

Number of campaigns to raise awareness on health threatening behaviours to change lifestyle e.g five a day campaign

Question 21

Reason 2 : changing social attitudes to child for ageing population

Answer 21

-“childless” to “child free” = smaller families improve living standards
- childenteredness= more childcentered and focus on well being of children , large families have reduce economic attractiveness

Question 22

Reason 3 : children as economic burdens for age population ?

Answer 22

• children moving economic asset to economic burden : w/c use to see children as economic asset to work but now financial burden and financially depend on parents due to long school leaving age
• cost of child