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Parasitology > Trematodes Lecture > Flashcards

Trematodes Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Largest trematode infecting humans.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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2
Q

Terminal spined eggs are seen in

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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3
Q

The ova of this parasite resembles an old-fashioned electric bulb and contains a small knob.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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4
Q

A term that refers to the parasites that reproduce via separate sexes

A

Dioecious

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5
Q

General term for (human) infection with flukes

A

Distosomiasis

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6
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

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7
Q

Common name of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep Liver Fluke

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8
Q

All flukes are organ-dwelling except _

A

Schistosomes

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9
Q

Consumption of infected crab causes human infection with which trematode?

A

Paragonimus westermani

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10
Q

Which blood fluke is characterized by an egg with lateral spine?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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11
Q

T or F. S. japonicum inhabits the superior veins of the small intestine

A

TRUE

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12
Q

T or F. S. haematobium inhabits the portal vein of urinary bladder.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

T or F. The male schistosome is more slender than the female.

A

FALSE

The female schistosome is more slender than the male.

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14
Q

Some Heterophyids have a gonotyl or a genital sucker.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Heterophyid adults release embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed miracidium

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Intestinal Flukes

A

Fasciolopsis buski
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

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17
Q

Liver Flukes

A

Fasciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis

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18
Q

Lung Fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

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19
Q

Blook Flukes

A

Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium

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20
Q

Heterophyid Flukes

A

Heterophyes heterophyes, Metagonimus yokogawai

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21
Q

It contains a third sucker (genital or gonotyl sucker)

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

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22
Q

Common Name for Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep Liver Fluke

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23
Q

It has cephalic comb in the anterior end or near the oral socket

A

Fasciola hepatica

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24
Q

CN for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese or Oriental Liver Fluke

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25
Q

CN for Paragonium westermani

A

Oriental Lung Fluke

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26
Q

Most common lung infection in humans

A

Paragonimus westermani

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27
Q

CN for Schistosoma mansoni

A

Manson’s Blood Fluke

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28
Q

Schistosoma mansoni inhabits in the ___.

A

large intestine

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29
Q

CN for Schistosoma japonicum

A

Blood Fluke

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30
Q

Schistosoma japonicum inhabits in the ___.

A

small intestine

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31
Q

CN for Schistosoma haematobium

A

Bladder Fluke

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32
Q

Schistosoma haematobium inhabits the __.

A

portal vein of urinary bladder

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33
Q

Adult form of trematodes are primarily ___, ___, and ___.

A

non-segmented
flattened
leaf-shaped

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34
Q

What form of trematodes is the most causing Mostly causing damage or possible irritation and
other pathophysiological mechanisms?

A

Adult form

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35
Q

Another name for the trematodes

A

Digenea

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36
Q

Dioecious is specific for what species?

A

Schistosoma spp.

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37
Q

What trematodes that have presence and location of spines in eggs?

A

Schistosoma spp.

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38
Q

All trematode eggs are embryonated except?

A

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Paragonimus westermani

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39
Q

They require certain embryonation or developmental period once they are laid.

A

Underdeveloped eggs

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40
Q

They are capable of developing into another stage of parasite once laid

A

Embryonated eggs

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41
Q

Infective stage of schistosome

A

Cercaria

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42
Q

Infective stage of all trematodes except schistosomes

A

Metacercaria

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43
Q

Stages of Trematodes

A

Eggs&raquo_space; Miracidia&raquo_space; Sporocyst&raquo_space; Redia&raquo_space; Cercaria&raquo_space; Metacercaria

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44
Q

Characteristics of Trematodes except Schistosome

A

leaf-like
hermaphroditic
typically food-borne

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45
Q

Characteristics of Schistosomes

A

long and slender
dioecious
direct penetration of infective stage

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46
Q

What are the specific canals found in Schistosomes males (larger) utilized for copulation with females where they attach themselves until death?

A

Gynecophoral canal

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47
Q

T or F. All trematode life cycles require a snail as the 1st and/or 2nd intermediate host.

A

True

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48
Q

T or F. All trematodes are organ-dwelling except schistosomes.

A

True

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49
Q

Blood-dwelling trematodes

A

Schistosomes

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50
Q

young form of schistosoma

A

Schistosomule

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51
Q

T or F. There is no 2nd intermediate host for Schistosoma sp.

A

True

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52
Q

Specimen of Choice for Trematodes

A

Feces
Duodenal drainage
Rectal biopsy
Sputum
Urine

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53
Q

It is the most important fluke infecting man

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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54
Q

Specimen of Choice for Paragonimus westermani

A

Sputum

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55
Q

Clonorchis sinensis infection is diagnosed through?

A

EnteroTest

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56
Q

Specimen of Choice for Schistosoma haematobium

A

Urine

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57
Q

DH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep, cattle, and other herbivores (humans infected occasionally)

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58
Q

1st IH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Amphibious snails

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59
Q

2nd IH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Kangkong (Ipomea obscura), Nasturtium officinale (watercress)

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60
Q

Reservoir Host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Hares and rabbits, sheep

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61
Q

IS of Fasciola hepatica to DH

A

Metacercaria

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62
Q

Habitat of Fasciola hepatica

A

Billiary passages of liver

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63
Q

MOT of Fasciola hepatica

A

Ingestion of undercooked or raw aquatic plants containing the metacercaria

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64
Q

DH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Humans and pigs

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65
Q

1st IH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Segmentina or Hippeutis (Segmentina coenosus
Hippeutis cantori)

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66
Q

IS of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Metacercaria

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67
Q

2nd IH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Freshwater vegetation:

Trapa bicornis (water caltrop)
Eliocharis tuberosa (water chestnut)
Ipomea obscura (morning glory or kangkong)
Nymphaea lotus (lotus)

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68
Q

Habitat of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Duodenum and jejunum (small intestine)

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69
Q

MOT of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Ingestion of encysted metacercariae from aquatic plants

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70
Q

T or F. Fasciolopsis buski and Fasciola sp. are almost similar under the microscope that is why it is difficult to differentiate

A

True

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71
Q

T or F. Fasciolopsis buski and Fasciola sp. are almost similar under the microscope that is why it is difficult to differentiate

A

True

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72
Q

Fasciolopsis buski is commonly found in the ___.

A

Oriental areas or Far East

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73
Q

Its egg is also described as “Hen’s egg appearance”

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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74
Q

T or F. F hepatica egg is larger than F. buski egg.

A

True

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75
Q

Egg contents of F. buski and F. hepatica

A

Undeveloped miracidium

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76
Q

Eggs of these species have distinct operculum

A

F. buski and F. hepatica

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77
Q

Adult worm of this trematode is equipped with so-called shoulders (cephalic cone)

A

Fasciola hepatica

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78
Q

Adult worm of this trematode have large oral sucker

A

Fasciola hepatica

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79
Q

T or F. Adult worm of Fasciolopsis buski is larger than adult worm of Fasciola hepatica.

A

True

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80
Q

Adult worm of this trematode has no prominent shoulders (cephalic cone).

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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81
Q

Adult worm of this trematode has an intestinal ceca that is unbranched or lacks its side branches.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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82
Q

Adult worm of this trematode has ventral sucker that is much larger than its oral sucker.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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83
Q

Reservoir hosts of F. buski

A

rabbits, pigs, dogs

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84
Q

F. hepatica has a worldwide epidemiology

A

True

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85
Q

Adult worm of F. buski and F. hepatica inhabits where?

A

Small intestine

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86
Q

Metacercariae of F. hepatica and F. buski excyst where?

A

duodenum

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87
Q

What trematode has clinical manifestations in which the stools are profuse, light yellow in color, and contain much undigested food if there is an heavy infection?

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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88
Q

T or F. In F. hepatica even light infections may produce signs and symptoms of biliary obstruction and cholangitis due to its size.

A

True

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89
Q

It is the obstruction or accumulation of adult forms of F. hepatica in the pharynx

A

Halzoun

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90
Q

DOC for F. buski

A

Praziquantel

Bithionol (sometimes used)

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91
Q

DOC for F. hepatica

A

Dichlorophenol (Bithionol)
Triclabendazole

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92
Q

DH of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Humans and other vertebrates (Cattle)

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93
Q

1st IH of C. sinensis

A

Snails:

Parafossarulus (P. manchouricus, P. anomalospiralis, and P. stratulus)
Bulinus (B. striatulus)
Semisulcospira Alocinma (A. longicornis)
Thiara (T. granifera)
Melanoides (M. tuberculatus)

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94
Q

2nd IH of C. sinensis

A

Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Freshwater fish/ Cyprinidae fish)
Freshwater shrimp

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95
Q

IS of C. sinensis

A

Metacercaria

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96
Q

Habitat of C. sinensis

A

Liver, bile ducts

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97
Q

MOT of C. sinensis

A

Ingestion of raw undercooked fish containing the metacercaria

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98
Q

Reservoir hosts of C. sinensis

A

Sheep, cats, dogs, pigs, other mammals (fish eating animals)

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99
Q

It has old-fashioned bulb in the eggs

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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100
Q

It has the smallest trematode egg.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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101
Q

Egg contents of C. sinensis

A

Developed miracidium

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102
Q

T or F. C. sinensis egg has operculum.

A

True

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103
Q

Other features of C. sinensis egg

A

distinct shoulders
small knob opposite of operculum

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104
Q

It is called as the thickened rim around the operculum in C. sinensis egg.

A

shoulder

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105
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokogawai eggs resemble what trematode egg?

A

Clonorchis sinensis egg

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106
Q

What features differentiate C. sinensis egg from H. heterophyes and M. yokogawai eggs?

A

Small comma shaped process at the abopercular end
Thickened rim around the operculum
Small knob on the opposite end

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107
Q

T or F. Each end of the C. sinensis adult worm is narrower than the midportion of the body.

A

True

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108
Q

What adult trematode has a spatula-like appearance?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

109
Q

What trematode has a ventral sucker that is smaller than the oral sucker?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

110
Q

T or F. Clonorchis sinensis has a short intestinal ceca.

A

False. Clonorchis sinensis has a long intestinal ceca.

111
Q

Testes of Clonorchis sinensis are what?

A

dendritic or branching

112
Q

What trematode has minute vitellaria at the sides?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

113
Q

What are located anterior to the testes of Clonorchis sinensis?

A

A small slightly lobated ovary positioned in the midline and loosely coiled uterus ending at the common genital core

114
Q

It is responsible for the production of egg shell in C. sinensis.

A

minute vitellaria

115
Q

How many flukes should there be to be considered as asymptomatic in C. sinensis?

A

less than 100

116
Q

What clinical manifestation results from heavy infections of C. sinensis?

A

Clonorchiasis

117
Q

How many phases of pathological changes does clonorchiasis?

A

4

118
Q

It results in liver dysfunction in person severely infected over a long period of time by C. sinensis

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

119
Q

It is the inflammation of the gall bladder due to C. sinensis.

A

Cholecystitis

120
Q

It refers to the gallstone formation due to C. sinensis.

A

Cholelithiasis

121
Q

What trematode is sometimes aggravated by the intrahepatic stone formation, cholangitis, and multiple liver abscesses?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

122
Q

Cirrhosis is also a possible complication of what trematode?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

123
Q

DOC of C. sinensis

A

Praziquantel

Others:
Albendazole
Artemisinins
synthetic peroxides

124
Q

What trematode is almost identical to M. yokogawai?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

125
Q

It is considered as the minute flukes.

A

Heterophyids

126
Q

CN of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Von Siebold’s fluke

127
Q

DH of Heterophyes heterophyes/ Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Man, birds, various fish-eating mammals

128
Q

1st IH of Heterophyids

A

Brackish water or marine species snails
Pironella

129
Q

Common 1st IH of Heterophyids in the Philippines

A

H. taichui
Procerovum calderoni
Melania juncea
Thiara riquetti

130
Q

2nd DH of Heterophyids

A

Brackish and salt water fish
tilapia
Mugil cephalus (mullet for H. heterophyes)

131
Q

IS of Heterophyids

A

Metacercaria

132
Q

IS of Heterophyids

A

Metacercaria

133
Q

Habitat of Heterophyids

A

small intestine

134
Q

MOT of Heterophyids

A

Ingestion of metacercariae encysted in fish

135
Q

Egg contents of Heterophyids

A

Developed miracidium

136
Q

T or F. Operculum is not present in Heterophyids eggs

A

False. Operculum is present in Heterophyids eggs.

137
Q

T or F. Shoulders are present but discrete in Heterophyids eggs.

A

True

138
Q

T or F. Small knob is always present in Heterophyids eggs.

A

False. Small know may be absent in Heterophyids eggs.

139
Q

Shell thickness of H. heterophyes eggs

A

Thick

140
Q

Shell thickness of H. heterophyes eggs

A

Thick

141
Q

Shell thickness of M. Yokogawai

A

Thin

142
Q

What features differentiate Heterophyids from C. sinensis?

A

Shoulders are less distinct
Eggs may lack small terminal knob

143
Q

What trematode have eggs that do not have an abopercular protuberance in contrast to Clonorchis and Opisthorchis eggs?

A

Heterophyids

144
Q

T or F. Heterophyid eggs are slightly larger than Metagonimus eggs.

A

True

145
Q

Shape of H. heterophyes and M. yokogawai

A

Pyriform

146
Q

Adult of this trematode is grayish in color

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

147
Q

Adult of this trematode is protected by outer layer of fine scaly spines

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

148
Q

Adult of this trematode has tapers at anterior end and round posterior end.

A

Metagonimus yokogawai

149
Q

What end of M. yokogawai has a tiny layer of scaly spines?

A

anterior end

150
Q

What trematode has avocado or pear shaped with three suckers, having a third sucker which is the gonotyl?

A

Heterophyids adult

151
Q

Where is the gonotyl of Heterophyids adults located?

A

left posterior border of the ventral sucker

152
Q

T or F. Heterophyids adults have two ovoid testes, variously arranged, are in the posterior end of the body

A

True

153
Q

Where is the globular or slightly lobed ovary of Heterophyids located?

A

submedian, pre- or post testicular area

154
Q

T or F. Only following anti-helminthic treatments can the adult forms be seen in the feces

A

True

155
Q

Heterophyids may escape the intestinal tract and migrate to other areas.

A

True

156
Q

Chronic mucous diarrhea and granulomas is a clinical symptom of what trematode?

A

Heterophyids

157
Q

What trematode may be encapsulated in the cardiac muscle and may lead to myocarditis or cardiomegaly, resulting in the death of the host due to cardiac arrest?

A

Heterophyids

158
Q

A case in Hawaii referred to _______ myocarditis as “mystery death” among Filipino descent due to aberrant ____.

A

heterophyid; heterophyid eggs

159
Q

DOC of Heterophyids

A

Praziquantel

160
Q

DH of Paragonimus westermani

A

Dogs, cats, field rats, humans

161
Q

1st IH of P. westermani

A

Antemelania asperata (Brotia asperata)
Antemelania dactylus (snail)

162
Q

2nd IH of P. westermani

A

Sundathelphusa philippina (Parathelphusa grapsoides; mountain crab or talangka)

163
Q

Reservoir host of P. westermani

A

Dogs, cats, field rats, humans, pigs, monkeys

164
Q

IS of P. westermani

A

Metacercaria

165
Q

Habitat of P. westermani

A

Lungs (encysted in lung tissue)

166
Q

MOT of P. westermani

A

Ingestion of uncooked or undercooked crabs
(crustaceans) or crayfish with metacercariae

167
Q

It is the lung flukes affecting humans in the oriental or Oriental lung fluke.

A

Paragonimus westermani

168
Q

What trematode is a zoonotic parasite, meaning humans and animals can serve as definitive and reservoir hosts?

A

Paragonimus westermani

169
Q

How many species of the lung fluke belong to the genus Paragonimus?

A

at least 8

170
Q

What trematodes are primarily the parasite of wild felines such as canines (dogs, cats, and wolves), civet cats, leopards, lions, tigers, and other mammals?

A

Paragonimus westermani

171
Q

T or F. Egg of P. westermani is embryonated at oviposition.

A

False. Egg of westermani is umebryonated at oviposition.

172
Q

Egg of this trematode has flattened but prominent operculum.

A

Paragonimus westermani

173
Q

Shape of P. westermani egg

A

somewhat oval

174
Q

Egg contents of P. westermani

A

Undeveloped miracidium surrounded by a thin, smooth shell

175
Q

Other features of P. westermani egg

A

Prominent operculum with shoulders; obvious terminal shell opposite operculum

176
Q

What is the color of adult lung fluke?

A

reddish brown and thick

177
Q

What adult trematode resembles a coffee bean?

A

P. westermani

178
Q

Eggs of P. westermani is discharged into where and they may be expectorated or if swallowed, they may appear in our feces.

A

bronchioles

179
Q

T or F. Adult lung fluke is slightly tapered anteriorly.

A

False. Adult lung fluke is slightly tapered posteriorly

180
Q

T or F. Tegument of P. westermani adult is covered with single-spaced spines

A

True

180
Q

T or F. Tegument of P. westermani adult is covered with single-spaced spines

A

True

181
Q

Specimen of Choice for P. westermani

A

Sputum

182
Q

T or F. Recovery of eggs in stool is common in P. westermani

A

False. Recovery of eggs in stool is rare in P. westermani

183
Q

T or F. Patients with tuberculosis who undergo a sputum exam have a positive result on acid-fast staining, while patients with P. westermani will have eggs on the sputum.

A

True

184
Q

Symptoms often mimic those seen in tuberculosis-infected individuals.

A

Paragonimiasis (pulmonary distomiasis)

185
Q

It is when P. westermani enters the brain and cause seizures, visual difficulties, and decreased precision of motor skills.

A

Cerebral paragonimiasis

186
Q

Sputum of patients with P. westermani is frequently __ and may contain numerous ___.

A

blood-tinged; dark brown eggs and Charcot-Leyden crystals

187
Q

Bronchiectasis may result and pleural effusion is
sometimes seen in this trematode?

A

Paragonimus westermani

188
Q

It is the most serious consequence of P. westermani in which the flukes enters the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen and invades the brain tissue.

A

cerebral paragonimiasis

189
Q

Where does P. westermani enter the cranial cavity?

A

Jugular foramen

190
Q

Cutaneous paragonimiasis is a characteristic of what Paragonimus specie?

A

Paragonimus skrjabini (Paragonimus szechuanensis)

191
Q

DOC of Paragonimus westermani

A

Praziquantel

192
Q

Alternative drug for P. westermani

A

Bithionol

193
Q

It is a genus of parasitic blood flukes that infect birds and mammals, including humans

A

Schistosoma

194
Q

Fiver medically important blood flukes

A

S. japonicum
S. mansoni
S. haematobium
S. mekongi
S. intercalatum

195
Q

Predominant Schistosoma spp in the Philippines

A

Schistosoma japonicum

196
Q

Eggs of what Schistosoma spp are found in the feces

A

S. mansoni
S. japonicum
S. intercalatum
S. mekongi

197
Q

Eggs of what Schistosoma spp are found in the urine

A

S. haematobium

198
Q

T or F. Female worms of Schistosoma spp are shorter than male worms.

A

False. Female worms of Schistosoma spp are longer

199
Q

T or F. Male worms of Schistosomes looks cylindrical and have gynecophoral canal where female reposes.

A

True

200
Q

T or F. Body structure of schistosomes are particularly long, thick, and seems to clearly have an adaptation to an intravascular existence.

A

False. Body structure of schistosomes are particularly long, THIN, and seems to clearly have an adaptation to an intravascular existence.

201
Q

Where do female Schistosomes deposit their eggs after leaving the male worms?

A

small venules close to the lumen of the
intestine or bladder

202
Q

What Schistosomes have sharp spines on the eggs that assist in their retention in the blood vessels?

A

S. mansoni
S. haematobium

203
Q

T or F. Schistosome eggs are operculated.

A

False. Schistosome eggs (ova) are not operculated compared to other trematodes and hatch by rupture if liberated into the freshwater.

204
Q

DH of Schistosoma spp.

A

Humans

has a wide range of definitive hosts (domestic mammals such as dogs, pigs, cats, carabaos, and cows)

some may be permissive and become infected over an extended period of time and some may be non-permissive wherein schistosomes are stunted or mature but die prematurely

205
Q

IH of Schistosoma spp.

A

Snails

require one IH

206
Q

IS of Schistosoma

A

Fork-tailed cercariae

207
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma spp

A

Mesenteric veins, blood, urinary tract (Schistosoma haematobium)

208
Q

MOT of Schistosoma spp.

A

Skin penetration

209
Q

Redia and metacercaria are not included in its life cycle

A

Schistosoma spp.

210
Q

T or F. Only one host is involved in Schistosoma spp.

A

True

211
Q

T or F. Adult worms are the cause of Schistosoma spp pathology.

A

False. Eggs are the cause of its pathology, not adult worms.

212
Q

Smallest egg among Schistosoma spp.

A

Schistosoma japonicum

213
Q

Largest egg among Schistosoma spp.

A

Schistosoma mansoni

214
Q

Shape of S. mansoni egg

A

Oblong

215
Q

Shape of S. japonicum

A

Somewhat roundish

216
Q

Shape of S. haematobium

A

Somewhat oblong

217
Q

Egg contents of Schistosoma spp.

A

Developed miracidium

218
Q

Appearance and Location of Spine of S. mansoni

A

Large; lateral

219
Q

Appearance and Location of Spine of S. japonicum

A

Small; lateral (difficult to see)

220
Q

Appearance and Location of Spine of S. haematobium

A

Large; terminal

221
Q

What Schistosoma spp egg has a small, knoblike protuberance?

A

S. japonicum

222
Q

T or F. Male Schistosomes are shorter but sturdier.

A

True

223
Q

What sex of Schistosome has a gynecophoral canal where the longer and more slender sex is held?

A

Male

224
Q

What trematode has testes are arranged in one row above the ventral sucker?

A

Schistosomes

225
Q

T or F. Female Schistosome has a single pyramidal ovary is located in the midline.

A

True

226
Q

Reservoir hosts of Schistosomes

A

Monkeys, cattle and other livestock, rodents, dogs, cats

227
Q

It is also called as bilharziasis, swamp fever.

A

Schistosomiasis

228
Q

Acute symptoms of Schistosomiasis is more likely to be seen in __.

A

S.mansoni infections

229
Q

Petechial hemorrhages may occur at site of penetration of this trematodes

A

Schistosoma

230
Q

What stage occurs when Schistosomes reach the mesenteric or vesicular venules and egg laying commences?

A

Acute stage

231
Q

T or F. The degree of reaction in Schistosomes is not necessarily proportional to the number of parasites involved.

A

True

232
Q

What Schistosomes cause diarrhea or dysentery at acute stage?

A

S. mansoni
S. japonicum

233
Q

What Schistosomes cause hematuria (blood in the urine) at the end of micturition and sometimes dysuria (frequent urination)?

A

S. haematobium

234
Q

Early symptoms tend to be quite severe in heavily infected persons in this Schistosome spp.

A

S. japonicum

235
Q

It is a very common symptom for S. japonicum and often significant mortality rate of the particular stage of the disease.

A

Katayama fever

236
Q

Where was Katayama fever first described?

A

Japan

237
Q

What eggs of Schistosomes produce most of the pathologic changes seen in chronic schistosomiasis?

A

eggs in the circulation

238
Q

It is the most common form of chronic infection in
patients with S.mansoni or S.japonicum.

A

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

239
Q

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis also occurs regularly in ___ infections but tends to be subclinical or mild in ___.

A

S. haematobium; S. japonicum

240
Q

T or F. In Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, the chronically enlarged liver is not tender and the spleen may be barely palpable or massively enlarged.

A

True

241
Q

Intestinal schistosomiasis is more common in __ and __ infections.

A

S. mansoni
S. japonicum

242
Q

It may present a picture suggestive of granulomatous colitis, with abdominal cramps and tenderness, and intermittent bloody mucoid stools.

A

Intestinal schistosomiasis

243
Q

Intestinal polyposis is not uncommon in what Schistosome?

A

Schistosomiasis mansoni

244
Q

What is the most successful means of
diagnosing this intestinal schistosomiasis?

A

Colonoscopy

245
Q

What type of schistosomiasis is seen with S. haematobium infections?

A

Urinary Schistosomiasis

246
Q

It is so common among adolescent boys in the Nile River valley as to have been widely considered a phenomenon analogous to the menarche in girls

A

Hematuria

247
Q

It is usually the first sign of infection for hematuria.

A

Terminal hematuria

248
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma may be found in patients with heavy burden of what Schistosoma spp?

A

S. haematobium

249
Q

Nephrotic syndrome is occasionally seen in both what type of Schistosoma spp. ?

A

S. mansoni
S. haematobium

250
Q

Pulmonary involvement may be seen in all forms of schistosomiasis but is more common with __ infections.

A

S. haematobium

251
Q

It is the coughing of blood due to pulmonary involvement in Schistosoma infections.

A

Hemoptysis

252
Q

What trematode has resultant cor pulmonale due to pulmonary involvement of the parasite?

A

Schistosomes

253
Q

Cerebral manifestations of schistosomiasis are most
commonly seen in ___ infection.

A

S. japonicum

254
Q

What schistosomes affect the spinal cord more than the cerebral?

A

S. mansoni
S. haematobium

255
Q

What area of the spine does Schistosome spp usually affect?

A

Lumbar area

256
Q

What schistosome has been associated with bladder cancer?

A

S. haematobium

257
Q

What schistosome may be associated with repeated Salmonella infections?

A

S. mansoni
S. japonicum

258
Q

DOC of Schistosome spp

A

Praziquantel

259
Q

It has been used to treat S. mansoni

A

Oxamniquine

260
Q

T or F. Antimalarial medications has been proven effective for schistosomes

A

True

261
Q

T or F. S. haematobium may damage the
tissues of the bladder causing considerable loss of blood.

A

True

262
Q

Drug of choice for treating fascioliasis

A

Triclabendazole

263
Q

T or F. Fasciolopsis buski / Fasciola hepatica egg contains undeveloped miracidium.

A

True

264
Q

Clonorchis sinensis egg contains undeveloped miracidium.

A

False

265
Q

T or F. Heterophyid eggs differ from Clonorchis due to the absence of abopercular protruberance.

A

True

266
Q

When the cercaria of S. japonicum shed its forked tail, it becomes a ____.

A

Schistosomule

267
Q

This structure in the adult schistosome is where the longer and more slender female is held.

A

Gynecophoral Canal

Parasitology (3 decks)

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