Trematodes (lab) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the 1st IH for all trematodes?
A
Snail
2
Q
T/F: Flukes are segmented
A
F
3
Q
T/F: Flukes have complete organ system
A
F
4
Q
T/F: Flukes have simple nervous system
A
T
5
Q
Identify the part of flukes: a series of glands that facilitates in waste excretion
A
Vitellaria
6
Q
Enumerate the intestinal flukes (5)
A
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Metagonimus yokogawai
7
Q
Enumerate the liver flukes (6)
A
Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis felineus
Opisthorchis viverrini
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
8
Q
Enumerate the pancreatic flukes (1)
A
Eurytema pancreaticum
9
Q
Enumerate the lung flukes (1)
A
Paragonimus westermani
10
Q
Enumerate the blood flukes (3)
A
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
11
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: ciliated
A
Miracidium
12
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: flagellated
A
Cercaria
13
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: 1st larval stage
A
Miracidium
14
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage to 1st IH
A
Miracidium
15
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: 2nd generation larval stage
A
Sporocyst
16
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: develop inside the sporocyst
A
Rediae
17
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage to 2nd IH (in most trematodes)
A
Cercaria
18
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage to humans (in most trematodes)
A
Metacercaria
19
Q
Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage of Schistosomes to humans
A
Cercaria
20
Q
Order of trematodes
A
Order Digenea
21
Q
Common shape/appearance of flukes
A
Flat and leaf-like
22
Q
Most trematodes require ___ IH/s
A
2
23
Q
Most common MOT of trematodes
A
Ingestion of 2nd IH with metacercaria
24
Q
All trematodes possess 2 suckers, namely ____ and ____. Give their functions
A
Oral Sucker (for nutrition)
Ventral Sucker/Acetabulum (for attachment)
25
All trematodes possess 2 suckers except ____, which has 1 more sucker called ____. Give its function
Heterophyes heterophyes
Genital sucker / Gonotyl
26
Causes swimmer's itch
Blood flukes
27
Enumerate the flukes that produce embryonated eggs
Schistosomes
Clonorchis sinensis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Opisthorchis spp.
28
Enumerate the flukes that produce unembryonated eggs
Paragonimus westermani
Fasciola spp.
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
29
Common name of Fasciola hepatica
Sheep/temperate liver fluke
30
Final host of Fasciola hepatica
Sheep, human, cattle
31
1st IH of Fasciola hepatica
Snail (Lymnaea spp.)
32
2nd IH of Fasciola hepatica
Aquatic plants (Ipomea obscura & Nasturtium officinale)
33
Causative agent of Halzoun
Fasciola hepatica adult worm
34
Also called as "pharyngeal fascioliasis" wherein the fluke travels outside the GI tract and blocks the patient's airway
Halzoun
35
Scarring/thickening of liver tissue
Cirrhosis
36
Common stain injected to Fasciola hepatica
KMnO4
37
Describe the intestinal ceca of Fasciola hepatica
Branching
38
Describe the testes of Fasciola hepatica
Branching; in tandem
39
T/F: Fasciola hepatic eggs do not require staining
T
40
DOC for Fasciola hepatica
Bitionol/Triclabendazole
41
Diagnostic tests for Fasciola hepatica
Fecalysis
Bile/Duodenal aspirates
Surgery
Serologic tests
NAT-PCR
42
Creates a notion that the flukes have shoulder
Cephalic cone
43
Common name of Fasciola gigantica
Tropical/Giant liver fluke
44
Identify between F. hepatica and F. gigantica: more elongated adult
F. gigantica
45
Identify between F. hepatica and F. gigantica: longer cephalic cone
F. gigantica
46
Identify between F. hepatica and F. gigantica: more prominent shoulder
F. hepatica
47
1st IH of Fasciola gigantica
Snail (Lymnaea spp.)
48
2nd IH of Fasciola gigantica
Aquatic plants (Ipomea obscura & Nasturtium officinale)
49
Describe the intestinal ceca of Fasciola gigantica
Branching
50
Describe the testes of Fasciola gigantica
Branching; in tandem
51
Common name of Clonorchis sinensis
Chinese/Oriental liver fluke
52
DOC for Clonorchis sinensis
Praziquantel
53
Appearance of Clonorchis sinensis and Ophisthorchis spp. egg
Pitcher-like/Old-fashioned light bulb
54
Shape of the abopercular end of Clonorchis sinensis
Comma-shaped
55
Describe the intestinal ceca of Clonorchis sinensis
Simple
56
Describe the testes of Clonorchis sinensis
Branched; in tandem
57
Most notorious fluke which causes cancer
Clonorchis sinensis
58
Describe the suckers of Clonorchis sinensis
O > V
59
Appearance of Clonorchis sinensis adult
Spatula-like
60
Describe the shoulder of Clonorchis sinensis egg
Well-defined
61
Common name of Opisthorchis felineus
cat liver fluke
62
Describe the suckers of Opisthorchis spp.
O > V
63
Describe the testes of Opisthorchis spp.
Lobulated; oblique
64
Location of the vitellaria of Opisthorchis spp.
Middle third of the body at the level of the uterus
65
1st IH of Opisthorchis spp.
Snails (Bithynia)
66
2nd IH of Opisthorchis spp.
Freshwater fish (Cyprinidae & Cobitidae)
67
1st IH of Clonorchis sinensis
Snail (Parafossarulus, Bulinus, Semisulcospira, Alocinma, Thiara, Melanoides)
68
2nd IH of Clonorchis sinensis
Freshwater fish (Cyprinidae) and freshwater shrimp
69
The part of the egg which is the posterior, non-operculated side
Abopercular end
70
Common name of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Lanceolate fluke / Lancet fluke
71
1st IH of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Cionella lubrica (snail)
72
2nd IH of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Formica fusa (ants)
73
Describe the suckers of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
O > V
74
Describe the testes of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Branching; in tandem
75
Dicrocoelium dendriticum adult have similarities with which fluke?
Clonorchis sinensis
76
T/F: pancreatic flukes may also be found in the liver
T
77
1st IH of Eurytema pancreaticum
Macrochlamys indica
78
2nd IH of Eurytema pancreaticum
Technomyrmex deterquens (ants), grasshoppers, mantis, crickets
79
DOC for Eurytema pancreaticum
Praziquantel
80
Describe the suckers of Eurytema pancreaticum
V > O
81
Causes diabetes-like symptoms
Eurytema pancreaticum
82
Common name of Fasciolopsis buski
Giant Intestinal Fluke
83
1st IH of Fasciolopsis buski
Snail (Segmentia/HIppeutis); Gyralus spp.
84
2nd IH of Fasciolopsis buski
Aquatic plants
85
Reservoir host of Fasciolopsis buski
Dogs, Pigs, Rabbits
86
T/F: Fasciolopsis buski ova cannot be differentiated with fasciola spp.
T
87
Describe the testes of Fasciolopsis buski
Dendritic; lesser branched; in tandem
88
Describe the intestinal ceca of Fasciolopsis buski
Simple
89
DOC for Fasciolopsis buski
Praziquantel
90
Describe the shoulder and cephalic cone of Fasciolopsis buski
Undefined; No cephalic cone
91
Describe the suckers of Fasciolopsis buski
V > O
92
Common name of Echinostoma ilocanum
Garrison's fluke
93
Describe the testes of Echinostoma ilocanum
Bilobed; in tandem
94
Most observable part of Echinostoma ilocanum
ventral sucker
95
Describe the sucker of Echinostoma ilocanum
V > O
96
Enhances attachment and virulence
Collar spine
97
1st IH of Echinostoma ilocanum
Gyraulus convexiusculus and Hippeutis umbilicalis
98
2nd IH of Echinistoma ilocanum
Pila luzonica (kuhol) and Vivipara angularis (susong pampang)
99
Describe the operculum of Echinostoma ilocanum
Less visible
100
Common name of Heterophyes heterophyes
Von Siebold's fluke
101
Describe the sucker of Heterophyes heterophyes
V > O
102
1st IH of Heterophyes heterophyes
Pironella conica (snail)
103
2nd IH of Heterophyes heterophyes
Freshwater fish (Tilapia)
104
Common name of Paragonimus westermani
Oriental Lung Fluke
105
Color of Paragonimus westermani adult
Reddish-brown
106
Describe the suckers of Paragonimus westermani
O = V
107
Appearance of Paragonimus westermani adult
Spoon-shaped
108
Describe the testes Paragonimus westermania
Lobed; found at one side
109
Describe the intestinal ceca of Paragonimus westermani
Found at the side
110
Which fluke resembles a coffee bean?
Paragonimus westermani adult
111
Describe the posterior and anterior end of Paragonimus westermani
Rounded anterior; tapered posterior
112
Idenify between P. westermani and D. latum: more prominent shoulder
Paragonimus westermani
113
Idenify between P. westermani and D. latum: has a broad abopercular thickening
Paragonimus westermani
114
1st IH of Paragonimus westermani
Antemelania asperate and Antemelania dactylus (Brotia asperata)
115
2nd IH of Paragonimus westermani
Sundathelphusa philippina (Parathelphusa garpsoides)
116
Ideal specimen for Paragonimus westermani
Sputum
117
Sputum concentration with ____ allows better diagnosis
3% sodium hydroxide
118
Which blood fluke produces the most number of eggs
Schistosoma japonicum
119
Common name of Schistosoma japonicum
Oriental blood fluke
120
Habitat of Schistosoma japonicum
Superior mesenteric vein of small intestine
121
IH of blood flukes
Snail (Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi)
122
Causative agent of Katayama syndrome
Schistosoma japonicum
123
Blood fluke that causes colorectal cancer
Schistosoma japonicum
124
Blood fluke that causes snail fever
Schistosoma japonicum
125
Describe the female schistosome
Slender body
126
A part of the male blood fluke where the female inserts itself during copulation
Gynecophoral canal
127
Infective stage of Schistosomes
Cercaria
128
Young schistosome cercaria
Schistosomule
129
Schistosoma species that can be diagnosed through rectal biopsy and stool sample
Schistosoma japonicum & Schistosoma mansoni
130
Schistosoma species that has tuberculation
Schistosoma mansoni & Schistosoma haematobium
131
Common name of Schistosoma mansoni
Manson's blood fluke
132
Common name of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical blood fluke
133
Habitat of Schistosoma mansoni
Inferior mesenteric vein of large intestine
134
Habitat of Schistosoma haematobium
Vesical, prostatic, uterine plexuses of the venous circulation
135
Intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
Biomphalaria
136
Intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium
Bulinus
137
Largest adult blood fluke
Schistosoma japonicum
138
Smallest adult blood fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
139
Location of ovary of Schistosoma japonicum
Middle
140
Location of ovary of Schistosoma mansoni
Anterior 1/2
141
Location of ovary of Schistosoma haematobium
Posterior 1/2
142
Egg production of Schistosoma japonicum
Greatest (3000 eggs per worm pair per day)
143
Egg production of Schistosoma mansoni
190-300 eggs per worm pair per day
144
Egg production of Schistosoma haematobium
30 eggs per worm pair per day
145
Describe the integumentary tuberculation of Schistosoma mansoni
Prominent
146
Describe the integumentary tuberculation of Schistosoma haematobium
Fine
147
Number of testes of Schistosoma japonicum
6-8
148
Number of testes of Schistosoma mansoni
8-9
149
Number of testes of Schistosoma haematobium
4-5
150
Describe the Schistosoma japonicum
Oval with recurved hook or knob; smallest
151
Describe the Schistosoma mansoni
Elliptical with lateral spine
152
Describe the Schistosoma haematobium
Elliptical with terminal spine
153
Detects the presence of antibody in patient's serum as a confirmatory test for blood flukes
COPT
154
Positive result for COPT
Bleb formation
155
Reagent for COPT
Lyophilized eggs of Schistosoma japonicum from rabbit
156
Incubation conditions for COPT
37 degrees Celsius for 1-2 days
