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Para FINALS ! > Trematodes (lab) > Flashcards

Trematodes (lab) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 1st IH for all trematodes?

A

Snail

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2
Q

T/F: Flukes are segmented

A

F

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3
Q

T/F: Flukes have complete organ system

A

F

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4
Q

T/F: Flukes have simple nervous system

A

T

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5
Q

Identify the part of flukes: a series of glands that facilitates in waste excretion

A

Vitellaria

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6
Q

Enumerate the intestinal flukes (5)

A

Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Metagonimus yokogawai

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7
Q

Enumerate the liver flukes (6)

A

Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis felineus
Opisthorchis viverrini
Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Dicrocoelium dendriticum

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8
Q

Enumerate the pancreatic flukes (1)

A

Eurytema pancreaticum

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9
Q

Enumerate the lung flukes (1)

A

Paragonimus westermani

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10
Q

Enumerate the blood flukes (3)

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium

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11
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: ciliated

A

Miracidium

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12
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: flagellated

A

Cercaria

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13
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: 1st larval stage

A

Miracidium

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14
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage to 1st IH

A

Miracidium

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15
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: 2nd generation larval stage

A

Sporocyst

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16
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: develop inside the sporocyst

A

Rediae

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17
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage to 2nd IH (in most trematodes)

A

Cercaria

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18
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage to humans (in most trematodes)

A

Metacercaria

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19
Q

Identify the stage of the life cycle: infective stage of Schistosomes to humans

A

Cercaria

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20
Q

Order of trematodes

A

Order Digenea

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21
Q

Common shape/appearance of flukes

A

Flat and leaf-like

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22
Q

Most trematodes require ___ IH/s

A

2

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23
Q

Most common MOT of trematodes

A

Ingestion of 2nd IH with metacercaria

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24
Q

All trematodes possess 2 suckers, namely ____ and ____. Give their functions

A

Oral Sucker (for nutrition)
Ventral Sucker/Acetabulum (for attachment)

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25
Q

All trematodes possess 2 suckers except ____, which has 1 more sucker called ____. Give its function

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
Genital sucker / Gonotyl

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26
Q

Causes swimmer’s itch

A

Blood flukes

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27
Q

Enumerate the flukes that produce embryonated eggs

A

Schistosomes
Clonorchis sinensis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Opisthorchis spp.

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28
Q

Enumerate the flukes that produce unembryonated eggs

A

Paragonimus westermani
Fasciola spp.
Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum

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29
Q

Common name of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep/temperate liver fluke

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30
Q

Final host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep, human, cattle

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31
Q

1st IH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Snail (Lymnaea spp.)

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32
Q

2nd IH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Aquatic plants (Ipomea obscura & Nasturtium officinale)

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33
Q

Causative agent of Halzoun

A

Fasciola hepatica adult worm

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34
Q

Also called as “pharyngeal fascioliasis” wherein the fluke travels outside the GI tract and blocks the patient’s airway

A

Halzoun

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35
Q

Scarring/thickening of liver tissue

A

Cirrhosis

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36
Q

Common stain injected to Fasciola hepatica

A

KMnO4

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37
Q

Describe the intestinal ceca of Fasciola hepatica

A

Branching

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38
Q

Describe the testes of Fasciola hepatica

A

Branching; in tandem

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39
Q

T/F: Fasciola hepatic eggs do not require staining

A

T

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40
Q

DOC for Fasciola hepatica

A

Bitionol/Triclabendazole

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41
Q

Diagnostic tests for Fasciola hepatica

A

Fecalysis
Bile/Duodenal aspirates
Surgery
Serologic tests
NAT-PCR

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42
Q

Creates a notion that the flukes have shoulder

A

Cephalic cone

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43
Q

Common name of Fasciola gigantica

A

Tropical/Giant liver fluke

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44
Q

Identify between F. hepatica and F. gigantica: more elongated adult

A

F. gigantica

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45
Q

Identify between F. hepatica and F. gigantica: longer cephalic cone

A

F. gigantica

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46
Q

Identify between F. hepatica and F. gigantica: more prominent shoulder

A

F. hepatica

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47
Q

1st IH of Fasciola gigantica

A

Snail (Lymnaea spp.)

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48
Q

2nd IH of Fasciola gigantica

A

Aquatic plants (Ipomea obscura & Nasturtium officinale)

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49
Q

Describe the intestinal ceca of Fasciola gigantica

A

Branching

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50
Q

Describe the testes of Fasciola gigantica

A

Branching; in tandem

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51
Q

Common name of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese/Oriental liver fluke

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52
Q

DOC for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Praziquantel

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53
Q

Appearance of Clonorchis sinensis and Ophisthorchis spp. egg

A

Pitcher-like/Old-fashioned light bulb

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54
Q

Shape of the abopercular end of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Comma-shaped

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55
Q

Describe the intestinal ceca of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Simple

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56
Q

Describe the testes of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Branched; in tandem

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57
Q

Most notorious fluke which causes cancer

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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58
Q

Describe the suckers of Clonorchis sinensis

A

O > V

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59
Q

Appearance of Clonorchis sinensis adult

A

Spatula-like

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60
Q

Describe the shoulder of Clonorchis sinensis egg

A

Well-defined

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61
Q

Common name of Opisthorchis felineus

A

cat liver fluke

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62
Q

Describe the suckers of Opisthorchis spp.

A

O > V

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63
Q

Describe the testes of Opisthorchis spp.

A

Lobulated; oblique

64
Q

Location of the vitellaria of Opisthorchis spp.

A

Middle third of the body at the level of the uterus

65
Q

1st IH of Opisthorchis spp.

A

Snails (Bithynia)

66
Q

2nd IH of Opisthorchis spp.

A

Freshwater fish (Cyprinidae & Cobitidae)

67
Q

1st IH of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Snail (Parafossarulus, Bulinus, Semisulcospira, Alocinma, Thiara, Melanoides)

68
Q

2nd IH of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Freshwater fish (Cyprinidae) and freshwater shrimp

69
Q

The part of the egg which is the posterior, non-operculated side

A

Abopercular end

70
Q

Common name of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Lanceolate fluke / Lancet fluke

71
Q

1st IH of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Cionella lubrica (snail)

72
Q

2nd IH of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Formica fusa (ants)

73
Q

Describe the suckers of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

O > V

74
Q

Describe the testes of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Branching; in tandem

75
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum adult have similarities with which fluke?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

76
Q

T/F: pancreatic flukes may also be found in the liver

A

T

77
Q

1st IH of Eurytema pancreaticum

A

Macrochlamys indica

78
Q

2nd IH of Eurytema pancreaticum

A

Technomyrmex deterquens (ants), grasshoppers, mantis, crickets

79
Q

DOC for Eurytema pancreaticum

A

Praziquantel

80
Q

Describe the suckers of Eurytema pancreaticum

A

V > O

81
Q

Causes diabetes-like symptoms

A

Eurytema pancreaticum

82
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

83
Q

1st IH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Snail (Segmentia/HIppeutis); Gyralus spp.

84
Q

2nd IH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Aquatic plants

85
Q

Reservoir host of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Dogs, Pigs, Rabbits

86
Q

T/F: Fasciolopsis buski ova cannot be differentiated with fasciola spp.

A

T

87
Q

Describe the testes of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Dendritic; lesser branched; in tandem

88
Q

Describe the intestinal ceca of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Simple

89
Q

DOC for Fasciolopsis buski

A

Praziquantel

90
Q

Describe the shoulder and cephalic cone of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Undefined; No cephalic cone

91
Q

Describe the suckers of Fasciolopsis buski

A

V > O

92
Q

Common name of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Garrison’s fluke

93
Q

Describe the testes of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Bilobed; in tandem

94
Q

Most observable part of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

ventral sucker

95
Q

Describe the sucker of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

V > O

96
Q

Enhances attachment and virulence

A

Collar spine

97
Q

1st IH of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Gyraulus convexiusculus and Hippeutis umbilicalis

98
Q

2nd IH of Echinistoma ilocanum

A

Pila luzonica (kuhol) and Vivipara angularis (susong pampang)

99
Q

Describe the operculum of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Less visible

100
Q

Common name of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Von Siebold’s fluke

101
Q

Describe the sucker of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

V > O

102
Q

1st IH of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Pironella conica (snail)

103
Q

2nd IH of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Freshwater fish (Tilapia)

104
Q

Common name of Paragonimus westermani

A

Oriental Lung Fluke

105
Q

Color of Paragonimus westermani adult

A

Reddish-brown

106
Q

Describe the suckers of Paragonimus westermani

A

O = V

107
Q

Appearance of Paragonimus westermani adult

A

Spoon-shaped

108
Q

Describe the testes Paragonimus westermania

A

Lobed; found at one side

109
Q

Describe the intestinal ceca of Paragonimus westermani

A

Found at the side

110
Q

Which fluke resembles a coffee bean?

A

Paragonimus westermani adult

111
Q

Describe the posterior and anterior end of Paragonimus westermani

A

Rounded anterior; tapered posterior

112
Q

Idenify between P. westermani and D. latum: more prominent shoulder

A

Paragonimus westermani

113
Q

Idenify between P. westermani and D. latum: has a broad abopercular thickening

A

Paragonimus westermani

114
Q

1st IH of Paragonimus westermani

A

Antemelania asperate and Antemelania dactylus (Brotia asperata)

115
Q

2nd IH of Paragonimus westermani

A

Sundathelphusa philippina (Parathelphusa garpsoides)

116
Q

Ideal specimen for Paragonimus westermani

A

Sputum

117
Q

Sputum concentration with ____ allows better diagnosis

A

3% sodium hydroxide

118
Q

Which blood fluke produces the most number of eggs

A

Schistosoma japonicum

119
Q

Common name of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Oriental blood fluke

120
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Superior mesenteric vein of small intestine

121
Q

IH of blood flukes

A

Snail (Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi)

122
Q

Causative agent of Katayama syndrome

A

Schistosoma japonicum

123
Q

Blood fluke that causes colorectal cancer

A

Schistosoma japonicum

124
Q

Blood fluke that causes snail fever

A

Schistosoma japonicum

125
Q

Describe the female schistosome

A

Slender body

126
Q

A part of the male blood fluke where the female inserts itself during copulation

A

Gynecophoral canal

127
Q

Infective stage of Schistosomes

A

Cercaria

128
Q

Young schistosome cercaria

A

Schistosomule

129
Q

Schistosoma species that can be diagnosed through rectal biopsy and stool sample

A

Schistosoma japonicum & Schistosoma mansoni

130
Q

Schistosoma species that has tuberculation

A

Schistosoma mansoni & Schistosoma haematobium

131
Q

Common name of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Manson’s blood fluke

132
Q

Common name of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Vesical blood fluke

133
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Inferior mesenteric vein of large intestine

134
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Vesical, prostatic, uterine plexuses of the venous circulation

135
Q

Intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Biomphalaria

136
Q

Intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Bulinus

137
Q

Largest adult blood fluke

A

Schistosoma japonicum

138
Q

Smallest adult blood fluke

A

Schistosoma mansoni

139
Q

Location of ovary of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Middle

140
Q

Location of ovary of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Anterior 1/2

141
Q

Location of ovary of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Posterior 1/2

142
Q

Egg production of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Greatest (3000 eggs per worm pair per day)

143
Q

Egg production of Schistosoma mansoni

A

190-300 eggs per worm pair per day

144
Q

Egg production of Schistosoma haematobium

A

30 eggs per worm pair per day

145
Q

Describe the integumentary tuberculation of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Prominent

146
Q

Describe the integumentary tuberculation of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Fine

147
Q

Number of testes of Schistosoma japonicum

A

6-8

148
Q

Number of testes of Schistosoma mansoni

A

8-9

149
Q

Number of testes of Schistosoma haematobium

A

4-5

150
Q

Describe the Schistosoma japonicum

A

Oval with recurved hook or knob; smallest

151
Q

Describe the Schistosoma mansoni

A

Elliptical with lateral spine

152
Q

Describe the Schistosoma haematobium

A

Elliptical with terminal spine

153
Q

Detects the presence of antibody in patient’s serum as a confirmatory test for blood flukes

A

COPT

154
Q

Positive result for COPT

A

Bleb formation

155
Q

Reagent for COPT

A

Lyophilized eggs of Schistosoma japonicum from rabbit

156
Q

Incubation conditions for COPT

A

37 degrees Celsius for 1-2 days

Para FINALS ! (3 decks)

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