Trematodes = Flukes: General Features

Question 1

1. The vitelline glands are responsible for the production of:
   a. sperm
   b. parasitic toxin
   c. eggshell
   d. none of the above

Answer 1

c. eggshell

Question 2

2. Adults flukes (trematodes) are both endoparasites and ectoparasites.
   True
   False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

3. Flukes have both circular and longitudinal muscles.
   True
   False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

4. While the flukes have the capability of cross-fertilization, they prefer to fertilize themselves.
   True
   False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

5. Where are sexually mature adult flukes found?
   a. In the intermediate host
   b. In the definitive host
   c. Both a and b are correct
   d. None are the correct answer

Answer 5

b. In the definitive host

Question 6

6. What is the intermediate form of the fluke that allows it to subsist in the non-host environment for a longer time?
   a. Redia
   b. Cercaria
   c. Miracidium
   d. Metacercaria

Answer 6

d. Metacercaria

Question 7

7. Fluke eggs in the environment can be picked up by an intermediate host in either the:
   a. aquatic environment
   b. terrestrial environment
   c. airborne environment
   d. Both the aquatic and terrestrial environments

Answer 7

d. Both the aquatic and terrestrial environments

Question 8

8. While the skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems of a fluke are lacking in development, their reproductive systems are actually fully developed and similar to a vertebrate’s.
   True
   False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

9. If you see a parasitic organism that outwardly looks like a fluke, and has cells with a clear membrane boundary between them, then you can safely label it as a fluke.
   True
   False

Answer 9

False

Question 10

10. The tegument…
    a. has invaginations and spines on the surface
    b. has a large surface area to help absorb nutrients for the parasite
    c. can be divided into the distal and proximal cytoplasm
    d. all of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Question 11

11. Most trematoda lack all of the following body systems except for the:
    a. Skeletal system
    b. Nervous system
    c. Circulatory system
    d. Respiratory system

Answer 11

b. Nervous system

Question 12

12. In trematoda, digestion occurs outside the body.
    True
    False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

13. Which of the following facts regarding the tegument of trematoda is not true?
    a. Metabolic waste diffuses across the tegument.
    b. The cells of the tegument have highly developed inner membranes.
    c. The outer membrane is made of glycocalyx.
    d. The tegument often contains spines.

Answer 13

b. The cells of the tegument have highly developed inner membranes.

Question 14

14. Where does the fertilized egg develop?
    a. The mehlis gland
    b. The vitelline cells
    c. The ovary
    d. A and B

Answer 14

a. The mehlis gland

Question 15

15. Which properly describes the correct order of development for trematoda?
    a. Egg → sporocyst → miracidium → redia → cercaria → adult
    b. Miracidium → egg → sporocyst → redia → cercaria → metacercaria → adult
    c. Adult → egg → miracidium → sporocyst → redia → cercaria → metacercaria
    d. Adult → egg → metacercaria → cercaria → sporocyst → miracidium → sporocyst → redia

Answer 15

c. Adult → egg → miracidium → sporocyst → redia → cercaria → metacercaria

Question 16

16. Which properly describes one of the larval stages of the fluke’s lifecycle?
    a. If the host snail is aquatic, the miracidium hatches outside the snail before penetrating the snail.
    b. Sporocysts divide sexually inside intermediate hosts.
    c. Cercaria are not motile.
    d. Metacercaria will die within 24 hours if they do not penetrate a new host.

Answer 16

a. If the host snail is aquatic, the miracidium hatches outside the snail before penetrating the snail.

Question 17

17. Which of the following does not have a germ ball?
    a. Miracidium
    b. Metacercarium
    c. Redium
    d. Sporocyst

Answer 17

b. Metacercarium

Question 18

18. Which of the following is the cyst-like, free living larval stage of trematoda?
    a. Cercaria
    b. Sporocysts
    c. Redia
    d. Metacercaria

Answer 18

d. Metacercaria

Question 19

19. Which of the following are a motile Trematoda larval form?
    a. Miracidium
    b. Redia
    c. Cercaria
    d. both a and c
    e. both c and b
    f. both b and a

Answer 19

d. both a and c

Question 20

20. All fluke eggs contain an operculum.
    True
    False

Answer 20

False

Question 21

21. Which of the following characteristics of Subclass Digenea is incorrect?
    a. Digenetic flukes
    b. Can be ectoparasites
    c. Complex indirect life cycles
    d. Have sexual and asexual generations

Answer 21

b. Can be ectoparasites

Question 22

22. The first intermediate host in Subclass Digenea is a gastropod.
    True
    False

Answer 22

True

Question 23

23. In flukes, the digestive system is complete because a mouth is present.
    True
    False

Answer 23

False

Question 24

24. Flukes have a complete digestive system known as protonephridia.
    True
    False

Answer 24

False

Question 25

25. Sporocysts of Trematodes divide by:
    a. fission
    b. polyembroyony
    c. sexual reproduction
    d. budding

Answer 25

b. polyembroyony

Question 26

26. What is the gonotyl in Heterophyids?
    a. its spore
    b. the ventral sucker
    c. its membrane
    d. none of the above

Answer 26

b. the ventral sucker

Question 27

27. Most Trematodes are hermaphroditic with Schistosomes being an important exception.
    True
    False

Answer 27

True

Question 28

28. Adult Fasciola hepatica live in the host’s.

Answer 28

bile ducts

Question 29

29. Schistosoma spp. generally spend a greater amount of time in the host snail than it does in the prepatent period.
    True
    False

Answer 29

False

Question 30

30. Trematodes have an incomplete digestive system.
    True
    False

Answer 30

True

Question 31

31. Most flukes are hermaphrodites
    True
    False

Answer 31

True

Question 32

32. Fluke eggs may be passed in feces.
    True
    False

Answer 32

True

Question 33

33. In a fluke which organ is analogous to a mammalian penis?
    a. Cirrus
    b. Metraterm
    c. Caecum
    d. Fluke’s do not have an analogous structure that exists

Answer 33

a. Cirrus