Blood Flukes Flashcards
1
Q
- The adult male of the Schistosoma mansoni reaches up to ______ mm in length, while the adult male of the Schistosoma japonicum reaches up to ______ mm in length.
a. 14; 16
b. 10; 20
c. 14; 26
d. 16; 20
A
b. 10; 20
2
Q
- A person with a Schistosoma parasitic infection, would most likely be prescribed which drug?
a. Ivermectin
b. Ketoconazole
c. Praziquantel
d. Diethylcarbamazine
A
c. Praziquantel
3
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a symptom during the intermediate phase of a Schistosoma infection?
a. Blood in feces
b. Hematuria
c. Eggs passing through walls of intestines and urinary bladder
d. Fever and headache
A
d. Fever and headache
4
Q
- The cercariae of Schistosoma spp. penetrate intact skin.
True
False
A
True
5
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of Schistosoma mansoni?
a. Cattle
b. Rats
c. Tsetse fly
d. Primates
A
c. Tsetse fly
6
Q
- Match the proper blood fluke with its place of origin.
[China / Southeast Asia] 1. Schistosoma japanicum
[Africa / Middle East] 2. Schistosoma haematobium
[Africa / South America / Caribbean] 3. Schistosoma mansoni
A
China / Southeast Asia] 1. Schistosoma japanicum
[Africa / Middle East] 2. Schistosoma haematobium
[Africa / South America / Caribbean] 3. Schistosoma mansoni
7
Q
- What was stated to be the estimated percentage of the world’s population infected with Schistosomiasis?
a. 20%
b. 15%
c. 50%
d. 10%
A
d. 10%
8
Q
- Why are ‘blood flukes’ named thusly?
a. They mainly reside in your lungs.
b. They mainly reside in blood venules.
c. They can only be obtained from ingesting infected animal blood.
d. They eat human white blood cells.
A
b. They mainly reside in blood venules.
9
Q
- The eggs of S. japanicum and S. haematobium…
a. are both terminal eggs
b. are respectively found in the small intestine and urinary bladder veins
c. will both be found in the feces
d. A and B only
A
d. A and B only
10
Q
- Match the blood flukes with their preferred site in the body.
[small intestine veins] 1. Schistosoma japanicum
[urinary bladder veins] 2. Schistosoma haematobium
[large intestine veins] 3. Schistosoma mansoni
A
[small intestine veins] 1. Schistosoma japanicum
[urinary bladder veins] 2. Schistosoma haematobium
[large intestine veins] 3. Schistosoma mansoni
11
Q
- How would you distinguish between S. haematobium eggs and S. intercalatum eggs?
a. S. haematobium has a lateral spine, and S. intercalatum has a terminal spine
b. They both have lateral spines on their eggs, but S. haematobium will be found in the urine and S. intercalatum will be found in the feces
c. They both have terminal spines on their eggs, but S. haematobium will be found in the urine and S. intercalatum will be found in the feces
d. S. haematobium has a terminal spine, and S. intercalatum has a lateral spine.
A
c. They both have terminal spines on their eggs, but S. haematobium will be found in the urine and S. intercalatum will be found in the feces
12
Q
- S. mekongi…
a. will mostly be found in Central Africa
b. was a very common parasite to infect humans
c. was found to be very similar to S. japonicum
d. was not a regional parasite
A
c. was found to be very similar to S. japonicum
13
Q
- In regards to the sexual tendencies of Schistosomes…
a. The males have gynecophoral canals where females come to live during adulthood, and they remain that way for their entire lives
b. The males have gynecophoral canals where females come to live briefly during adulthood for the purposes of reproduction, and then they separate to find new partners
c. The females have gynecophoral canals where the males come to live during adulthood, and they remain that way for their entire lives
d. The females have gynecophoral canals where the males come to live briefly during adulthood for reproductive purposes, and then they separate to find new partners
A
a. The males have gynecophoral canals where females come to live during adulthood, and they remain that way for their entire lives
14
Q
- In differentiating between Schistosomes, what were said to be the most important characteristics?
a. size of the Schistosome
b. place where the adult Schistosome inhabited after invading the body
c. feeding method of the Schistosome
d. A and B only
A
d. A and B only
15
Q
- The main difference between Schistosomes and other flukes was that the Schistosomes’ infective stage DID NOT involve active penetration of the host.
True
False
A
False
16
Q
- The major cause of pathogenesis in Schistosomiasis will be…
a. The adult form of the parasite
b. The egg
c. the intermediate form of the parasite
d. the conjoined male and female stage
A
b. The egg
17
Q
- The adult Schistosome flukes undergo sexual reproduction and maturation in…
a. The definitive host
b. The intermediate host
c. The novice host
d. The reproductive host
A
a. The definitive host
18
Q
- The intermediate host of the Schistosomes (after the eggs get passed into the environment and become Miracidium) will be an…
a. terrestrial snail
b. aquatic snail
c. both of these
d. neither of these
A
b. aquatic snail
19
Q
- There are no Redia stages in Schistosomes.
True
False
A
True
20
Q
- For Schistosomes, what emerges from the snail intermediate will be the Miracidium form of the parasite, and that will go on to immediately penetrate the skin of its definitive host.
True
False
A
False
21
Q
- What was the infective form of the Schistosome called?
a. Miracidium
b. Cercariae
c. Sporocyst
d. Redia
A
b. Cercariae
22
Q
- You can contract Schistosomiasis by swimming in water infected with Schistosome cercariae.
True
False
A
True
23
Q
- Where will the maturing male and female Schistosomes ultimately meet and conjoin once inside of their definitive host?
a. the heart
b. the lungs
c. the venules
d. the liver
A
d. the liver
24
Q
- What was the reason that only S. mansoni was found in the ‘New World’, and S. haematobium was not?
a. The preferred definitive host of S. haematobium was not present in the New World.
b. The preferred snail host of S. haematobium was not present in the New World.
c. The climate of the New World was inhospitable to S. haematobium
d. S. haematobium was preyed upon by other blood flukes and therefore couldn’t thrive in the New World.
A
b. The preferred snail host of S. haematobium was not present in the New World.
25
25. What strategies do Schistosomes employ in order to successfully thrive within the host?
a. Utilize TNF in order to activate egg production
b. Express lipids on their surface to inhibit attack by host complement system
c. Use CD59 molecules in order to combat the host adaptive immune response
d. B and C are both correct
a. Utilize TNF in order to activate egg production
26
26. One morning you set out in search of a place to swim. You sight a suspiciously dirty-looking lake, but, given that you’re a college student and therefore inherently inclined to taking risks, you decide to go swimming in it. Unbeknownst to you was that while you were swimming, Schistosome cercariae managed to actively penetrate your skin. Four days later you wake up in bed, and find…?
a. That you have diarrhea--you therefore relocate to the bathroom for a while.
b. That you have myalgia--your muscles are killing you, and you’ll probably email Dr. Oli with the excuse that you couldn’t attend class because you couldn’t move.
c. That your temperature is suddenly at a feverish 101 F--you’ll probably mistakenly dismiss your current state as due to some bacterial or viral infection you caught from The Land of Germs, also known as campus.
d. That you have edema--your various body parts have swelled up and caused you to unfortunately resemble a water balloon.
d. That you have edema--your various body parts have swelled up and caused you to unfortunately resemble a water balloon.
27
27. The three main species of Schistosomes that infect humans differ in which of the following characteristics?
a. geographical distribution
b. Biology of the infection
c. Shape of the egg
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
28
28. Schistosomes become destroyed if they go anywhere other than the liver.
True
False
True
29
29. The Schistosome eggs release antigens as they travel throughout the body, and in response the host…
a. immediately sends out a toxin to kill the eggs
b. closes up the eggs in a cocoon-like structure
c. degrades the granulomas around the egg so the innate immune system can attack
d. does absolutely nothing because the eggs are too small to selectively attack
b. closes up the eggs in a cocoon-like structure
30
30. Which Schistosome was said to be associated with bladder cancer?
a. S. haematobium
b. S. japanicum
c. S. mansoni
d. All of them are associated with bladder cancer.
a. S. haematobium
31
31. Schistosoma haematobium releases 30 eggs per day.
True
False
True
32
32. After using the bathroom one day, you see that your urine contains a lot of blood in it. You know that you haven’t gone swimming lately, but you do live on a farm that contains many sheep and pigs. What parasite was probably the cause of the bloody urine?
a. S. mekongi
b. S. haematobium
c. S. mansoni
d. S. japanicum
b. S. haematobium
33
33. If you live in the United States, you can contract any one of the Schistosome parasites.
True
False
False
34
34. What was the ‘mean egg count’?
a. The number of eggs every single worm within a host releases during their time in a host
b. The number of eggs a single worm releases from within a host
c. The number of eggs that the worms release, and how many of those actually make it outside the host body
d. The number of eggs you pass out per gram of feces, used in measuring how intense an infection was
d. The number of eggs you pass out per gram of feces, used in measuring how intense an infection was
35
35. You take a trip to Kenya. Because of the statistical differences in the active outside lifestyle of each, who would you infer to be more at risk for contracting S. mansoni?
a. Girls
b. Boys
c. Very elderly people
d. People ages 5-25 years
a. Girls
| d. People ages 5-25 years
36
36. A common sign of Schistosome infection will be that the patients appear to be constantly malnourished.
True
False
True
37
37. What are some valid ways to try and control the spread of Schistosomiasis?
a. Molluscides
b. Population-based chemotherapy
c. Education for people in at-risk areas for Schistosome infection
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
38
38. In terms of immunity to Schistosomes, what will NOT be a major problem encountered?
a. The Schistosomes disable macrophages and neutrophils
b. The parasites manage to change the surface antigen they express
c. Immunogens released by eggs help in their quick migration and escape from host response
d. Flukes can incorporate host proteins into the glycocalyx and ‘hide’
a. The Schistosomes disable macrophages and neutrophils
39
39. Swimmers’ itch will be caused by a cercariae form of Schistosome that originates from….
a. birds
b. snails
c. cattle
d. dogs
a. birds
40
40. The only major schistosome found in america?
a. S. intercalatum
b. S. mansoni
c. S. mekongi
d. none of the above
b. S. mansoni
41
41. All of the following are characteristics of schistosomes except:
a. Have separate sexes
b. Lack redial stage
c. Eggs have an operculum
d. Have only one intermediate host
c. Eggs have an operculum
42
42. How is the intensity of a schistosome infection determined?
a. Through biopsy of infected tissue
b. By looking at how many eggs are passed per gram of feces
c. By determining length of time and severity of symptoms
d. Through examination of a sputum sample
b. By looking at how many eggs are passed per gram of feces
43
43. What age is most susceptible to an infection of S. Haematobium?
a. 50 years old
b. 5-25 years old
44
44. Which of the following answers correctly ranks the schistosomes in order of increasing size?
a. S. japonicum
c. S. mansoni
