trematodes Flashcards
1
Q
Infective stage of organ dwelling fluke
A
Metacercaria
2
Q
Infective stage of blood fluke
A
cercaria
3
Q
MOT of organ dwelling fluke
A
ingestion
3
Q
MOT of blood fluke
A
skin puncture
4
Q
Larval stages are found in
A
intermediate host
4
Q
Adult stages are found in
A
man and animals
5
Q
used for Oral suckers
A
feeding
6
Q
used for ventral sucker
A
attachment
7
Q
used Genital sucker
A
copulation
8
Q
In blood flukes, cercaria will transform into
A
schistosomulum
9
Q
Fasciola hepatica also known as
A
“Sheep Liver Fluke” or “Temperate
Liver Fluke”
10
Q
Fasciola hepatica infections
A
fascioliasis
10
Q
Fasciola hepatica habitat
A
liver and bile ducts
11
Q
fasciola hepatica and gigantica diagnostic stage
A
Operculated ova
12
Q
fasciola hepatica IH
A
Lymnea spp
13
Q
fasciola hepatica secondary IH
A
water cress
14
Q
fasciola hepatica final host
A
sheep, cattle
15
Q
fasciola hepatica accidental host
A
man
16
Q
eggs of F. hepatica
A
ovoidal
operculated
contains undeveloped miracidium
cephalic cone
presence of shoulder
17
Q
conical appearance also known as
A
conical projection
18
Q
Acute Stage affects
A
intestinal wall
19
Q
Chronic stage infects
A
bile ducts
20
Q
acute stage symptoms
A
Necrotic lesions
Hepatomegaly
Fever with eosinophilia
21
Q
chronic stage symptoms
A
Severe jaundice
Obstruction and abscess formation,
can be ectopic
22
Fasciola hepatica symptoms
1. Fever
2. Epigastric pain
3. Biliary colic
4. Jaundice
5. Abdominal pain
6. Cholecystitis → inflammation of gallbladder
7. Cholelithiasis → formation of gallstones
8. Bloody diarrhea
9. Liver cirrhosis
23
Fasciola hepatica diagnosis
1. Stool examination → recovery of eggs
a. DFS
2. Concentration Technique
3. Serological Test
4. Radiological test
5. PCR
24
Fasciola gigantica also known as
“Giant Liver Fluke” or “Tropical Liver
Fluke”.
25
Clonorchis sinensis also known as
“Chinese Liver Fluke” or “Oriental Liver
Fluke”
26
Clonorchis sinensis infection
Clonorchiasis
27
Clonorchis sinensis habitat
Liver, bile ducts and gallbladder
28
Clonorchis sinensis diagnostic stage
mature ova
29
Clonorchis sinensis MOT
ingestion of 2nd IH
30
Egg of C. sinensis
Ovoidal in shape
Operculated egg
opercular ring
abopercular knob
developed miracidium
31
Adult form of C. sinensis
Absence of shoulders should be noted
Broad at the middle part of the body and narrow at
the ends
32
Adult form of F. hepatica.
Oral sucker has a conical appearance at the anterior end.
Below the conical projection is the shoulders.
33
free-swimming form which leaves the
body of the snail, swims in water, and would further
encyst to become metacercaria
cercarcia
34
2nd IH of C. sinensis
freshwater fish
35
C. sinensis symptoms
Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Weight loss
4. Hepatomegaly
5. Liver cirrhosis
6. Eosinophilia
7. Cholangiocarcinoma
36
C. sinensis Diagnosis
1. Stool examination
2. String test/Enterotest → examination of duodenal
contents
3. Complement Fixation
4. Intradermal Test
37
also known as Cat Liver Fluke
Opisthorchis felineus
38
also known as as “Southeast Asian Liver Fluke”
Opisthorchis viverrine
39
Can cause gallstone formation in man
Opisthorchis viverrine
40
Fasciolopsis buski also known as
Large or giant intestinal fluke
41
Fasciolopsis buski infections
Fasciolopsiasis
42
Fasciolopsis buski habitat
Intestine (Duodenum & Jejunum)
43
Fasciolopsis buski definitive host
pigs and human
44
Fasciolopsis buski 2nd IH
Water chestnuts & lotus
45
Adult fluke of Fasciolopsis buski
Easily seen microscopically
→ Lacks shoulders
→ Body is broad all throughout
46
Egg of F. buski:
operculum is open.
Ovoidal in shape with thin shell
Operculated
47
C. sinensis Symptoms
1. Colic
2. Diarrhea
3. Vomiting
4. Edema
48
C. sinensis Pathology
1. Intestinal obstruction
2. Intoxication
3. Vitamin B12 malabsorption
49
Paragonimus westermani also known as
“Oriental Lung Fluke
50
Paragonimus westermani Disease
Paragonimiasis, Pulmonary distomiasis,
Lung fluke disease, Parasitic hemoptysis
51
Paragonimus westermani habitat
Lungs
52
Paragonimus westermani 2nd IH
Freshwater crab
53
Paragonimus westermani lab dx
Eggs in sputum & stool
54
Morphology of adult P. westermani
→ Broad all throughout
→ Hair-like or spine-like structures surround the cuticle
55
Egg of P. westermani
yellow-brown, ovoidal with thick shell
operculum is clearly visible
The opposite (abopercular) end is thickened
56
P. westermani pathology
1. Lung abscess
2. Abscess in ectopic sites → Subcutaneous
Creeping Eruption
3. Toxemia
4. Jacksonian epilepsy
57
P. westermani symptoms
1. Chest pain
2. Hemoptysis
3. Eosinophilia
4. Sputum rusty brown
5. Fever → may mimic tuberculosis
6. Sweating
58
P. westermani dx
1. Stool examination
2. Concentration exam
3. Sputum analysis → main method
4. Chest x-ray
5. Serological test
59
Schistosoma japonicum also known as
Oriental Blood Fluke
60
Schistosoma japonicum habitat
Veins of small intestine
61
Schistosoma japonicum disease
Schistosomiasis, Katayama fever,
Yangtze Valley River fever, Hankaw fever
62
Schistosoma japonicum Definitive Host
Humans, dogs, cats, horses, pigs,
cattle, deer & rodents
63
Schistosoma japonicum lab dx
Eggs in stool; liver biopsy
64
S. japonicum egg
typically, oval or subspherical, and has a
vestigial spine
65
S. japonicum spine
ROUNDED, LATERAL
SPINE
66
Adult female form of S. japonicum
position of the ovaries
→ central
67
Adult male form of S. japonicum
Number of testes → 4-6
68
S. japonicum Symptoms and Pathology
1. Dermatitis: Cercarial itch, Swimmer’s itch, Gulf coast itch, Clam diggers itch
2. Pneumonitis
3. Weakness
4. Trauma in the intestinal wall
5. Hepatitis
6. Eosinophilia
7. Toxemia
69
S. japonicum Diagnosis
1. Stool examination
2. Kato-Katz
3. COPT (Circum Oval Precipitin Test)
4. Culture Technique
5. Serological Test
70
Schistosoma mansoni also known as
“Manson’s blood fluke”
71
Smallest blood fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
72
Schistosoma mansoni disease
Schistosomiasis, Intestinal
schistosomiasis, Bilharziasis, “Snail fever”
73
Schistosoma mansoni habitat
Veins of large intestine
74
Schistosoma mansoni definitive host
Humans, baboons & rodents
75
Schistosoma mansoni eggs
prominent POINTED,
LATERAL SPINE near the posterior end.
anterior end is tapered and slightly curved.
76
Schistosoma mansoni female form
Take note of the position of the ovary
→ posteriorly
77
Schistosoma mansoni male form
Number of testes → 6-8
78
female lies in the ______ found in the body of the male.
gynaecophoric canal
79
Schistosoma haematobium disease
Urinary schistosomiasis, Schistosomal
hematuria, urinary bilharziasis
80
Schistosoma haematobium habitat
Veins of urinary bladder
81
Schistosoma haematobium definitive host
Humans, monkeys & baboons
82
Schistosoma haematobium lab dx
Eggs in urine; Cystoscopy
83
S. haematobium eggs
prominent POINTED, TERMINAL
SPINE at the posterior end
84
Pathology and Symptoms of S. haematobium
1. Lesions in urinary bladder → Hematuria
2. Burning sensation when urinating
3. Develop urogenital malignant tumor
