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PARA FINALS > trematodes > Flashcards

trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Infective stage of organ dwelling fluke

A

Metacercaria

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2
Q

Infective stage of blood fluke

A

cercaria

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3
Q

MOT of organ dwelling fluke

A

ingestion

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3
Q

MOT of blood fluke

A

skin puncture

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4
Q

Larval stages are found in

A

intermediate host

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4
Q

Adult stages are found in

A

man and animals

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5
Q

used for Oral suckers

A

feeding

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6
Q

used for ventral sucker

A

attachment

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7
Q

used Genital sucker

A

copulation

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8
Q

In blood flukes, cercaria will transform into

A

schistosomulum

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9
Q

Fasciola hepatica also known as

A

“Sheep Liver Fluke” or “Temperate
Liver Fluke”

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10
Q

Fasciola hepatica infections

A

fascioliasis

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10
Q

Fasciola hepatica habitat

A

liver and bile ducts

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11
Q

fasciola hepatica and gigantica diagnostic stage

A

Operculated ova

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12
Q

fasciola hepatica IH

A

Lymnea spp

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13
Q

fasciola hepatica secondary IH

A

water cress

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14
Q

fasciola hepatica final host

A

sheep, cattle

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15
Q

fasciola hepatica accidental host

A

man

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16
Q

eggs of F. hepatica

A

ovoidal
operculated
contains undeveloped miracidium
cephalic cone
presence of shoulder

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17
Q

conical appearance also known as

A

conical projection

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18
Q

Acute Stage affects

A

intestinal wall

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19
Q

Chronic stage infects

A

bile ducts

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20
Q

acute stage symptoms

A

Necrotic lesions
Hepatomegaly
Fever with eosinophilia

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21
Q

chronic stage symptoms

A

Severe jaundice
Obstruction and abscess formation,
can be ectopic

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22
Q

Fasciola hepatica symptoms

A
  1. Fever
  2. Epigastric pain
  3. Biliary colic
  4. Jaundice
  5. Abdominal pain
  6. Cholecystitis → inflammation of gallbladder
  7. Cholelithiasis → formation of gallstones
  8. Bloody diarrhea
  9. Liver cirrhosis
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23
Q

Fasciola hepatica diagnosis

A
  1. Stool examination → recovery of eggs
    a. DFS
  2. Concentration Technique
  3. Serological Test
  4. Radiological test
  5. PCR
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24
Q

Fasciola gigantica also known as

A

“Giant Liver Fluke” or “Tropical Liver
Fluke”.

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25
Q

Clonorchis sinensis also known as

A

“Chinese Liver Fluke” or “Oriental Liver
Fluke”

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26
Q

Clonorchis sinensis infection

A

Clonorchiasis

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27
Q

Clonorchis sinensis habitat

A

Liver, bile ducts and gallbladder

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28
Q

Clonorchis sinensis diagnostic stage

A

mature ova

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29
Q

Clonorchis sinensis MOT

A

ingestion of 2nd IH

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30
Q

Egg of C. sinensis

A

Ovoidal in shape
Operculated egg
opercular ring
abopercular knob
developed miracidium

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31
Q

Adult form of C. sinensis

A

Absence of shoulders should be noted

Broad at the middle part of the body and narrow at
the ends

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32
Q

Adult form of F. hepatica.

A

Oral sucker has a conical appearance at the anterior end.

Below the conical projection is the shoulders.

33
Q

free-swimming form which leaves the
body of the snail, swims in water, and would further
encyst to become metacercaria

A

cercarcia

34
Q

2nd IH of C. sinensis

A

freshwater fish

35
Q

C. sinensis symptoms

A

Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Weight loss
4. Hepatomegaly
5. Liver cirrhosis
6. Eosinophilia
7. Cholangiocarcinoma

36
Q

C. sinensis Diagnosis

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. String test/Enterotest → examination of duodenal
    contents
  3. Complement Fixation
  4. Intradermal Test
37
Q

also known as Cat Liver Fluke

A

Opisthorchis felineus

38
Q

also known as as “Southeast Asian Liver Fluke”

A

Opisthorchis viverrine

39
Q

Can cause gallstone formation in man

A

Opisthorchis viverrine

40
Q

Fasciolopsis buski also known as

A

Large or giant intestinal fluke

41
Q

Fasciolopsis buski infections

A

Fasciolopsiasis

42
Q

Fasciolopsis buski habitat

A

Intestine (Duodenum & Jejunum)

43
Q

Fasciolopsis buski definitive host

A

pigs and human

44
Q

Fasciolopsis buski 2nd IH

A

Water chestnuts & lotus

45
Q

Adult fluke of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Easily seen microscopically
→ Lacks shoulders
→ Body is broad all throughout

46
Q

Egg of F. buski:

A

operculum is open.
Ovoidal in shape with thin shell
Operculated

47
Q

C. sinensis Symptoms

A
  1. Colic
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Vomiting
  4. Edema
48
Q

C. sinensis Pathology

A
  1. Intestinal obstruction
  2. Intoxication
  3. Vitamin B12 malabsorption
49
Q

Paragonimus westermani also known as

A

“Oriental Lung Fluke

50
Q

Paragonimus westermani Disease

A

Paragonimiasis, Pulmonary distomiasis,
Lung fluke disease, Parasitic hemoptysis

51
Q

Paragonimus westermani habitat

A

Lungs

52
Q

Paragonimus westermani 2nd IH

A

Freshwater crab

53
Q

Paragonimus westermani lab dx

A

Eggs in sputum & stool

54
Q

Morphology of adult P. westermani

A

→ Broad all throughout
→ Hair-like or spine-like structures surround the cuticle

55
Q

Egg of P. westermani

A

yellow-brown, ovoidal with thick shell
operculum is clearly visible
The opposite (abopercular) end is thickened

56
Q

P. westermani pathology

A
  1. Lung abscess
  2. Abscess in ectopic sites → Subcutaneous
    Creeping Eruption
  3. Toxemia
  4. Jacksonian epilepsy
57
Q

P. westermani symptoms

A
  1. Chest pain
  2. Hemoptysis
  3. Eosinophilia
  4. Sputum rusty brown
  5. Fever → may mimic tuberculosis
  6. Sweating
58
Q

P. westermani dx

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. Concentration exam
  3. Sputum analysis → main method
  4. Chest x-ray
  5. Serological test
59
Q

Schistosoma japonicum also known as

A

Oriental Blood Fluke

60
Q

Schistosoma japonicum habitat

A

Veins of small intestine

61
Q

Schistosoma japonicum disease

A

Schistosomiasis, Katayama fever,
Yangtze Valley River fever, Hankaw fever

62
Q

Schistosoma japonicum Definitive Host

A

Humans, dogs, cats, horses, pigs,
cattle, deer & rodents

63
Q

Schistosoma japonicum lab dx

A

Eggs in stool; liver biopsy

64
Q

S. japonicum egg

A

typically, oval or subspherical, and has a
vestigial spine

65
Q

S. japonicum spine

A

ROUNDED, LATERAL
SPINE

66
Q

Adult female form of S. japonicum

A

position of the ovaries
→ central

67
Q

Adult male form of S. japonicum

A

Number of testes → 4-6

68
Q

S. japonicum Symptoms and Pathology

A
  1. Dermatitis: Cercarial itch, Swimmer’s itch, Gulf coast itch, Clam diggers itch
  2. Pneumonitis
  3. Weakness
  4. Trauma in the intestinal wall
  5. Hepatitis
  6. Eosinophilia
  7. Toxemia
69
Q

S. japonicum Diagnosis

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. Kato-Katz
  3. COPT (Circum Oval Precipitin Test)
  4. Culture Technique
  5. Serological Test
70
Q

Schistosoma mansoni also known as

A

“Manson’s blood fluke”

71
Q

Smallest blood fluke

A

Schistosoma mansoni

72
Q

Schistosoma mansoni disease

A

Schistosomiasis, Intestinal
schistosomiasis, Bilharziasis, “Snail fever”

73
Q

Schistosoma mansoni habitat

A

Veins of large intestine

74
Q

Schistosoma mansoni definitive host

A

Humans, baboons & rodents

75
Q

Schistosoma mansoni eggs

A

prominent POINTED,
LATERAL SPINE near the posterior end.
anterior end is tapered and slightly curved.

76
Q

Schistosoma mansoni female form

A

Take note of the position of the ovary
→ posteriorly

77
Q

Schistosoma mansoni male form

A

Number of testes → 6-8

78
Q

female lies in the ______ found in the body of the male.

A

gynaecophoric canal

79
Q

Schistosoma haematobium disease

A

Urinary schistosomiasis, Schistosomal
hematuria, urinary bilharziasis

80
Q

Schistosoma haematobium habitat

A

Veins of urinary bladder

81
Q

Schistosoma haematobium definitive host

A

Humans, monkeys & baboons

82
Q

Schistosoma haematobium lab dx

A

Eggs in urine; Cystoscopy

83
Q

S. haematobium eggs

A

prominent POINTED, TERMINAL
SPINE at the posterior end

84
Q

Pathology and Symptoms of S. haematobium

A
  1. Lesions in urinary bladder → Hematuria
  2. Burning sensation when urinating
  3. Develop urogenital malignant tumor

PARA FINALS (4 decks)

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