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PARA FINALS > cestode > Flashcards

cestode Flashcards

1
Q

Three (3) distinct features seen in adult tapeworms

A

Scolex
Neck region
Proglottids

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2
Q

An organ for attachment

A

Scolex

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3
Q

region for growth.

A

Neck

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4
Q

Divided into several segments. Each
segment consists of male and female
reproductive organs.

A

Proglottids

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5
Q

Also known as the fake tapeworm

A

Pseudophyllidean

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6
Q

Also known as true tapeworm.

A

Cyclophyllidean

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7
Q

Scolex of Pseudophyllidean

A

Almond shape/spoon/spatula shape with sucking grooves

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8
Q

Scolex of Cyclophyllidean

A

Quadrate shape; possess 4 cup like suckers

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9
Q

Proglottid of Cyclophyllidean

A

Apolytic → no uterine pore

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10
Q

Proglottid of Pseudophyllidean

A

Anapolytic → they contain uterine pore

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11
Q

What organ appears in Gravid proglottid in Cyclophyllidean

A

only uterus

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12
Q

egg shape of Cyclophyllidean

A

Apherical in shape; non operculated

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13
Q

egg shape of Pseudophyllidean

A

Ovoidal shape; operculated

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14
Q

Gravid proglottid of Pseudophyllidean

A

All reproductive organs are
intact

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15
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum commonly known as

A

fish tapeworm infection;
broad tapeworm infection

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16
Q

Site in host of D. latum

A

small intestine

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17
Q

Portal of entry of D. latum

A

mouth

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18
Q

Definitive host of D. latum

A

human, dog, cat

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19
Q

1st Intermediate host of D. latum

A

crustaceans (Cyclops or
Diaptomus)

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20
Q

2nd Intermediate host of D. latum

A

freshwater fish (carp,
salmon)

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21
Q

Infective stage of D. latum

A

plerocercoid larvae

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22
Q

Sources of infection of D. latum

A

plerocercoid in freshwater fish

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23
Q

Lab Dx of D. latum

A

eggs in stool

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24
Q

size of Proglottids of D. latum

A

size 2 to 4
mm long by 10 to 12 mm wide

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25
Q

pregnant form of proglottid

A

gravid proglottid

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26
Q

provide higher degree of attachment

A

rostellum

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27
Q

developmental stage of D. latum

A

L1 - coracidium larva
L2 - procercoid larva
L3 - plerocercoid larvae L4

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28
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency can be mistaken as

A

pernicious anemia

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29
Q

Diagnostic findings

A

microscopic examination or DFS

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30
Q

Treatment for d. latum

A

praziquantel
niclosamide

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31
Q

accidental host of Sparganum mansoni

A

man

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32
Q

final host of Sparganum mansoni

A

Frogs, snakes

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33
Q

1st IH of Sparganum mansoni:

A

cyclops

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34
Q

2nd IH of Sparganum mansoni:

A

Fresh water fish

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35
Q

habitat of Sparganum mansoni

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle

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36
Q

Infective stage of Sparganum mansoni

A

procercoid/plerocercoid larva

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37
Q

Diagnostic stage of Sparganum mansoni

A

plerocercoid larva

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38
Q

MOT of S. mansoni

A

ingestion of cyclop

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39
Q

Clinical Manifestation of S. mansoni

A

→ Localized inflammation
→ Cerebral/Ocular sparganosis
→ Nodule formation in vital organs
→ Toxemia

eyes, CNS (brain)

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40
Q

Diagnosis for s. mansoni

A
  1. Muscle/ tissue biopsy
  2. X-ray, CT scan, MRI
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41
Q

clinical name of taenia saginata

A

taeniasis

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42
Q

common name of taenia saginata

A

beef tapeworm

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43
Q

habitat of taenia saginata

A

duodenum

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44
Q

infective stage of saginata

A

cysticercus bovis larva

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45
Q

diagnostic stage of saginata

A

ova in stool / gravid segmented

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46
Q

Final host/definitive host of saginata

A

man

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47
Q

Intermediate host of saginata

A

cow, cattle or carabao

48
Q

developmental/ lifecycle of saginata

A

L1 - oncosphere larva
L2 - cysticercus larva
adult form

49
Q

diagnosis for saginata

A
  • ova in stool
  • gravid segment using Rapid slide test
  • scotch tape swab
50
Q

Taenia solium common name

A

pork tapeworm

51
Q

intermediate host of solium

A

pig, -human

52
Q

infective stage of solium

A

cysticercus cellulosae

53
Q

Sources of infection of solium

A

cysts in pork; autoinfection

54
Q

Unarmed scolex

A

T. saginata

55
Q

Armed scolex

A

T. solium

56
Q

Symptoms of solium

A
  1. Patient exhibit voracious appetite
  2. Vague abdominal pain
  3. Muscle pain and atrophy
  4. Hysteria
  5. Blurring and loss of vision
  6. Tachycardia
57
Q

The only human tapeworm which can complete its
entire life cycle in a single host which means it does
not require an obligatory intermediate host

A

Hymenolepis nana

58
Q
  • Smallest tapeworm of man
A

Hymenolepis nana

59
Q

Common name of Hymenolepis nana

A

dwarf tapeworm

60
Q

Infective stage of Hymenolepis nana

A

embryonated ova, cysticercoid
larva

61
Q

Diagnostic stage of Hymenolepis nana

A

ova in stool

62
Q

MOT of hymenolepsis nana

A

ingestion of ova or larva

63
Q

Final host of H. nana

A

man, rats

64
Q

Intermediate host og H. nana

A

fleas (Ctenocephalides sp.)
or flour beetles (Tenebrio sp.)

65
Q

Infective stage is cysticercoid larva

A

indirect cycle

66
Q

Infection is via the accidental ingestion of
infected arthropod intermediate host such
as rice or flour beetles and sometimes
through fomites, water or food
contaminated with the larva

A

indirect cyle

67
Q

has 4 suckers and no hooks

A

taenia saginata

68
Q

has 4 suckers in addition to a double row of hooks

A

taenia solium

69
Q

Diagnostic stage for D. latum

A

unembryonated eggs

70
Q

Involvement of intermediate host (H. nana)

A

Indirect cycle

71
Q

No involvement of Intermediate host (H. nana)

A

direct cycle

72
Q

Life cycle of solium

A

L1 - oncosphere larva
L2 - cysticercus larva
adult form

73
Q

taeniid eggs

A

rounded or subspherical ; thick radially striated brown shell

74
Q

what is inside the shell of taenia eggs

A

embryonated oncospehere with 6 hooks (3 pairs)

75
Q

Lab diagnosis of solium

A

segments and eggs in stool;
Scotch tape swab

76
Q

habitat of Hymenolepis nana

A

upper ileum

77
Q

Infective stage is ova for H. nana

A

direct cycle

78
Q

the liberated embryo
penetrates the mucosal villi and develop into
infective cysticercoid larva and soon
develops into an adult form

A

direct cycle

79
Q

S/s of H. nana

A

Anorexia
Anal pruritis
Vomiting

80
Q

Dx of H. nana

A

Ova in stool

81
Q

Tx for H. nana

A

Praziquantel

82
Q

Scolex has rudimentary unarmed rostellum

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

83
Q

clinical name for Hymenolepis diminuta

A

Hymenolepiasis

84
Q

common name for Hymenolepis diminuta

A

rat tapeworm
infection

85
Q

Definitive host for H. diminuta

A

human, mice & rats

86
Q

Intermediate host for H. diminuta

A

rat & mouse flea,
the flour moth and flour beetle

87
Q

Infective stage for H. diminuta

A

cysticercus larva

88
Q

has bipolar thickenings but lacks the bipolar
filaments

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

89
Q

bipolar thickening and bipolar filaments

A

Hymenolepis nana

90
Q

Sources of infection of H. diminuta

A

cysts from insects

91
Q

striated outer membrane
and a thin inner membrane. The space between the
membranes is smooth or faintly granular. The oncosphere
has six hooks.

A

H. diminuta

92
Q

cestode of rodents
infrequently seen in humans and frequently found
in rodents

A

H. diminuta

93
Q

Dx for H. diminuta

A

Microscopic examination of stool → eggs

94
Q

Tx for Hymenolepis

A

Praziquantel

95
Q

A very common intestinal parasite of dogs and cats
worldwide

A

Dipylidium caninum

96
Q

Clinical name for Dipylidium caninum

A

Dipylidiasis

97
Q

Common name for Dipylidium caninum

A

dog tapeworm infection ; Double pore
tapeworm

98
Q

DH of Dipylidium caninum

A

dog, cat or human

99
Q

IH of Dipylidium caninum

A

larval flea

100
Q

Sources of infection of Dipylidium caninum

A

flea & louse

101
Q

Dx for Dipylidium caninum

A

eggs in stool or egg packets in stool,
proglottids

102
Q

round to ovoid and contain 5 to 15 eggs each

A

egg packets of Dipylidium caninum

103
Q

Proglottids of D. caninum

A

barrel-shaped proglottids

104
Q

Proglottids are narrow with two sets of male and
female reproductive organs and bilateral genital
pores

A

Dipylidium caninum

105
Q

No hook but has spine

A

Dipylidium caninum

106
Q

Life cycle of Dipylidium caninum

A
  • egg packets
  • cysticercoid
107
Q

Emerging or re-emerging zoonotic disease

A

Echinococcus granulosis

108
Q

Shortest of all tapeworms

A

Echinococcus granulosis

109
Q

Scientific name of Echinococcus granulosis

A

echinococcosis

110
Q

Habitat of Echinococcus granulosis

A

small intestine of dogs

111
Q

Intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosis

A

sheep, goat, cat

112
Q

Infective stage to dogs

A

hydatid cyst

113
Q

Diagnostic stage of Echinococcus granulosis

A

hydatid cyst containing hydatid
sand

114
Q

infective stage to man

A

ova

115
Q

Most important site of involvement of Echinococcus granulosis

A

o Liver
o Lungs
o Brain

116
Q

Dx for Echinococcus granulosis

A
  1. Radiological examination
  2. Hydatid drill
  3. Exploratory puncture
  4. Casoni’s test
  5. Serological tests
117
Q

Tx for Echinococcus granulosis

A

Surgical removal of the cyst - preferred tx
PAIR Treatment

PARA FINALS (4 decks)

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