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Science > Trees & Forests: Part 2 > Flashcards

Trees & Forests: Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

whorl leaf arrangement

A

consists of three or more leaves that grow around the stem/stalk

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: many First Nations groups used cedar trees to carve totem poles because of its resilience to rotting

A

false

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3
Q

what are ways to enhance forests?

A
  • selective cutting
  • government creates provincial/national parks to protect the wildlife in the area
  • respect wildlife by not feeding birds or animals
  • direct seeding
  • plant seedlings
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4
Q

excurrent tree growth

A

the main trunk goes the entire height of the tree with branches forming patterns (ex. spruce)

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5
Q

scalloped leaf margin

A

wavy margin of a leaf (ex. oak)

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6
Q

How would you know if a tree survives a fire by looking at a tree cookie?

A

There will be a fire scar. the rings would be “hugging” the scar, trying to cover it up.

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7
Q

cordate leaf

A

heart-shaped

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8
Q

How would you know if a dead tree branch was broken off by looking at a tree cookie?

A

When the dead branch is broken off, it leaves a scar that is perpendicular to the tree rings

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: today we use trees more for medicine, tools, and furniture

A

False

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10
Q

simple leaf

A

one blade and one petiole

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11
Q

selective cutting

A

the tallest trees are cut down, leaving the others to grow

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12
Q

longer distance between growth rings of a twig

A

good growing conditions (rain, sunshine, nutrients)

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13
Q

rings of a tree…

A

tell you how old it is. the lighter wood is early wood that is grown in the spring and summer. the darker wood is late wood that is grown in the fall and winter

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14
Q

lobed leaf

A

a leaf that has round “bumps” or waves

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15
Q

needle leaves

A

leaves that are very long and thin

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16
Q

margin

A

the edge of the blade

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17
Q

coarse-toothed/serrated leaf margin (with examples)

A

big and sharp margin of a leaf (ex. birch, white poplar)

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18
Q

shorter distance between growth rings of a twig

A

poor growing conditions (too much shade, poor soil, drought)

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19
Q

leaning tree silhouette

A

tree grows in an environment where there are strong and constant winds

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20
Q

whorled growth

A

branches are attached in groups of 2 or 3 from the same location of the trunk

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21
Q

decurrent tree growth

A

the main trunk goes up about halfway, then splits into more than one main branch (ex. apple)

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22
Q

Spiral growth

A

branches grow alternately along the trunk in a spiral pattern like a circular staircase

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23
Q

linear leaf

A

leaf that is like a line with a pointy apex

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the natives of North America used trees mainly for survival

A

true

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25
Q

asymmetrical tree silhouette

A

grows in an environment where it is too close to another tree or a hill, fence, or house)

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26
Q

growth ring of a twig

A

a noticeable thickening where the terminal bud from previous years dropped off

27
Q

oblong leaf

A

like linear but a rounder apex

28
Q

columnar tree growth

A

the main trunk continues the full height of the tree, with only the branches forming at the top (ex. palm)

29
Q

Clear Cutting Forest

A

All the trees are cut down causing erosion

30
Q

What are ways that threaten forests?

A
  • factories send pollutants into the air which combine into the water making acid rain
  • careless people accidentally start forest fires
  • clear cutting
  • construction in forest to expand space for cities, towns, and highways
31
Q

basal leaf arrangement

A

leaves grow at the base of the plant

32
Q

How would you know if there was insect damage on a tree by looking at a tree cookie?

A

When insects damage the tree, there will be a scar on the phloem of the tree

33
Q

how would you know if there were good growing conditions by looking at a tree cookie?

A

When there is a year that has plenty of water, sunshine, space, and nutrients the rings will be wide and evenly spaced

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The First Nations wasted little and reused and recycled when possible

A

true

35
Q

double compound leaf

A

several petioles with several blades

36
Q

fine-toothed leaf margins (with examples)

A

small “teeth” margin of a leaf (willow, aspen, balsam poplar)

37
Q

ovate leaf

A

like oval but has a pointy apex

38
Q

Base

A

the place where the blade is attached to the petiole

39
Q

Planting seedlings

A

planters plant seedlings over the area where trees have been harvested. this method is used when clear cutting has occurred

40
Q

deltoid leaf

A

A leaf that is triangular in shape

41
Q

natural regeneration

A

Seeds fall to the forest floor from existing trees and germinate.

42
Q

symmetrical tree silhouette

A

tree grows in an environment with good growing conditions (moisture/water, nutrients, sunlight, space)

43
Q

oval leaf

A

A leaf is egg-shaped

44
Q

Midrib/Midvein

A

the large vein that goes from the blade all the way up to the apex. this is the main way the water and nutrients get to the blade.

45
Q

What type of tree poles were used as a frame for teepees for the First Nations of North America?

A

lodgepole pine

46
Q

blade

A

the large, flat part of the leaf

47
Q

How would you know if the tree grew close to an object by looking at a tree cookie?

A

if one side of the rings are wider than the other, this indicates that a tree grew more on one side than the other. this can happen if it grows close to a fence, house, tree, or a steep slope.

48
Q

petiole

A

stem of leaf

49
Q

direct seeding

A

the cones and seeds are gathered and sown from tractors and airplanes

50
Q

4-sided needle (cross section cut)

A

When the needle is cut, it looks like a square inside

51
Q

lenticel

A

pores (tiny holes) that allow gas exchange between the atmosphere and the tree

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: there is no need to limit how we use trees and forests because there is such a huge supply

A

false

53
Q

smooth leaf margins (with examples)

A

No ridges or “teeth” (ex. persimmon, dogwood)

54
Q

scaly

A

leaves that are flat and scaly

55
Q

apex

A

the very tip of the leaf

56
Q

orbicular leaf

A

a leaf that is shaped as a circle

57
Q

how would you know if there were poor growing conditions by looking at a tree cookie?

A

the rings will narrow when there are poor growing conditions. this can happen when there are trees beside it. They compete for sunlight, moisture and nutrients resulting in slow growth.

58
Q

flattened needle (cross section cut)

A

when the needle is cut, it looks like a sharp oval

59
Q

tree cookie scientific name

A

dendrodisc

60
Q

leaf scars

A

a scar where previous leaves were once attached

61
Q

veins

A

branch out from the midrib

62
Q

irregular tree silhouette

A

grows in an environment where there are poor growing conditions (like drought, disease or poor soil)

63
Q

compound leaf

A

more than one blade and one petiole

64
Q

buds

A

undeveloped shoots that can be found along the twig (lateral bud) or at the end of the twig (terminal bud). the buds develop into leaves

Science (3 decks)

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