Trees & Forests: Part 2

Question 1

whorl leaf arrangement

Answer 1

consists of three or more leaves that grow around the stem/stalk

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: many First Nations groups used cedar trees to carve totem poles because of its resilience to rotting

Answer 2

false

Question 3

what are ways to enhance forests?

Answer 3

• selective cutting
• government creates provincial/national parks to protect the wildlife in the area
• respect wildlife by not feeding birds or animals
• direct seeding
• plant seedlings

Question 4

excurrent tree growth

Answer 4

the main trunk goes the entire height of the tree with branches forming patterns (ex. spruce)

Question 5

scalloped leaf margin

Answer 5

wavy margin of a leaf (ex. oak)

Question 6

How would you know if a tree survives a fire by looking at a tree cookie?

Answer 6

There will be a fire scar. the rings would be “hugging” the scar, trying to cover it up.

Question 7

cordate leaf

Answer 7

heart-shaped

Question 8

How would you know if a dead tree branch was broken off by looking at a tree cookie?

Answer 8

When the dead branch is broken off, it leaves a scar that is perpendicular to the tree rings

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: today we use trees more for medicine, tools, and furniture

Answer 9

False

Question 10

simple leaf

Answer 10

one blade and one petiole

Question 11

selective cutting

Answer 11

the tallest trees are cut down, leaving the others to grow

Question 12

longer distance between growth rings of a twig

Answer 12

good growing conditions (rain, sunshine, nutrients)

Question 13

rings of a tree…

Answer 13

tell you how old it is. the lighter wood is early wood that is grown in the spring and summer. the darker wood is late wood that is grown in the fall and winter

Question 14

lobed leaf

Answer 14

a leaf that has round “bumps” or waves

Question 15

needle leaves

Answer 15

leaves that are very long and thin

Question 16

margin

Answer 16

the edge of the blade

Question 17

coarse-toothed/serrated leaf margin (with examples)

Answer 17

big and sharp margin of a leaf (ex. birch, white poplar)

Question 18

shorter distance between growth rings of a twig

Answer 18

poor growing conditions (too much shade, poor soil, drought)

Question 19

leaning tree silhouette

Answer 19

tree grows in an environment where there are strong and constant winds

Question 20

whorled growth

Answer 20

branches are attached in groups of 2 or 3 from the same location of the trunk

Question 21

decurrent tree growth

Answer 21

the main trunk goes up about halfway, then splits into more than one main branch (ex. apple)

Question 22

Spiral growth

Answer 22

branches grow alternately along the trunk in a spiral pattern like a circular staircase

Question 23

linear leaf

Answer 23

leaf that is like a line with a pointy apex

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE: the natives of North America used trees mainly for survival

Answer 24

true

Question 25

asymmetrical tree silhouette

Answer 25

grows in an environment where it is too close to another tree or a hill, fence, or house)

Question 26

growth ring of a twig

Answer 26

a noticeable thickening where the terminal bud from previous years dropped off

Question 27

oblong leaf

Answer 27

like linear but a rounder apex

Question 28

columnar tree growth

Answer 28

the main trunk continues the full height of the tree, with only the branches forming at the top (ex. palm)

Question 29

Clear Cutting Forest

Answer 29

All the trees are cut down causing erosion

Question 30

What are ways that threaten forests?

Answer 30

- factories send pollutants into the air which combine into the water making acid rain - careless people accidentally start forest fires - clear cutting - construction in forest to expand space for cities, towns, and highways

Question 31

basal leaf arrangement

Answer 31

leaves grow at the base of the plant

Question 32

How would you know if there was insect damage on a tree by looking at a tree cookie?

Answer 32

When insects damage the tree, there will be a scar on the phloem of the tree

Question 33

how would you know if there were good growing conditions by looking at a tree cookie?

Answer 33

When there is a year that has plenty of water, sunshine, space, and nutrients the rings will be wide and evenly spaced

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE: The First Nations wasted little and reused and recycled when possible

Answer 34

true

Question 35

double compound leaf

Answer 35

several petioles with several blades

Question 36

fine-toothed leaf margins (with examples)

Answer 36

small "teeth" margin of a leaf (willow, aspen, balsam poplar)

Question 37

ovate leaf

Answer 37

like oval but has a pointy apex

Question 38

Base

Answer 38

the place where the blade is attached to the petiole

Question 39

Planting seedlings

Answer 39

planters plant seedlings over the area where trees have been harvested. this method is used when clear cutting has occurred

Question 40

deltoid leaf

Answer 40

A leaf that is triangular in shape

Question 41

natural regeneration

Answer 41

Seeds fall to the forest floor from existing trees and germinate.

Question 42

symmetrical tree silhouette

Answer 42

tree grows in an environment with good growing conditions (moisture/water, nutrients, sunlight, space)

Question 43

oval leaf

Answer 43

A leaf is egg-shaped

Question 44

Midrib/Midvein

Answer 44

the large vein that goes from the blade all the way up to the apex. this is the main way the water and nutrients get to the blade.

Question 45

What type of tree poles were used as a frame for teepees for the First Nations of North America?

Answer 45

lodgepole pine

Question 46

blade

Answer 46

the large, flat part of the leaf

Question 47

How would you know if the tree grew close to an object by looking at a tree cookie?

Answer 47

if one side of the rings are wider than the other, this indicates that a tree grew more on one side than the other. this can happen if it grows close to a fence, house, tree, or a steep slope.

Question 48

petiole

Answer 48

stem of leaf

Question 49

direct seeding

Answer 49

the cones and seeds are gathered and sown from tractors and airplanes

Question 50

4-sided needle (cross section cut)

Answer 50

When the needle is cut, it looks like a square inside

Question 51

lenticel

Answer 51

pores (tiny holes) that allow gas exchange between the atmosphere and the tree

Question 52

TRUE OR FALSE: there is no need to limit how we use trees and forests because there is such a huge supply

Answer 52

false

Question 53

smooth leaf margins (with examples)

Answer 53

No ridges or "teeth" (ex. persimmon, dogwood)

Question 54

scaly

Answer 54

leaves that are flat and scaly

Question 55

apex

Answer 55

the very tip of the leaf

Question 56

orbicular leaf

Answer 56

a leaf that is shaped as a circle

Question 57

how would you know if there were poor growing conditions by looking at a tree cookie?

Answer 57

the rings will narrow when there are poor growing conditions. this can happen when there are trees beside it. They compete for sunlight, moisture and nutrients resulting in slow growth.

Question 58

flattened needle (cross section cut)

Answer 58

when the needle is cut, it looks like a sharp oval

Question 59

tree cookie scientific name

Answer 59

dendrodisc

Question 60

leaf scars

Answer 60

a scar where previous leaves were once attached

Question 61

veins

Answer 61

branch out from the midrib

Question 62

irregular tree silhouette

Answer 62

grows in an environment where there are poor growing conditions (like drought, disease or poor soil)

Question 63

compound leaf

Answer 63

more than one blade and one petiole

Question 64

buds

Answer 64

undeveloped shoots that can be found along the twig (lateral bud) or at the end of the twig (terminal bud). the buds develop into leaves