Tree Biology Cram Cards

Question 1

(1) Elongated, tapering, thick-walled cell that provides strength to wood. (2) smallest component of rope

Answer 1

Fiber

Question 2

Small opening in the bark that permits the exchange of gases.

Answer 2

Lenticel

Question 3

Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants and algae and certain fungi.

Answer 3

Cellulose

Question 4

Fine, fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most are within the top 12 inches (30 cm) of soil.

Answer 4

Absorbing roots

Question 5

Point of attachment of leaf pettiole to stem.

Answer 5

Leaf axil

Question 6

Plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity either positive, as in the direction of gravity (roots) or negative, as in opposite the direction of gravitt (shoots).

Answer 6

Geotropism

Question 7

Rings of xylem that are visible in a cross section of the stem, branches, and roots of some trees. In temperate zones, the rings typically represent one year of growth and are sometimes referred to as annual rings

Answer 7

Growth rings

Question 8

Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth abd expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge

Answer 8

Branch bark ridge

Question 9

Specialized organelle found in some cells. Site of photosynthesis

Answer 9

Chloroplast

Question 10

Bud arising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers

Answer 10

Adventitous bud

Question 11

Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants

Answer 11

Anthocyanin

Question 12

Meristemic tissue from which the corky, protective outer layer of bark is formed.

Answer 12

Cork cambium

Question 13

Substance applied to the foilage of plants to reduce water loss.

Answer 13

Antitranspirant

Question 14

Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season

Answer 14

Apical dominance

Question 15

Plant hormone involved in cell division, leaf expansion and other physiological processes

Answer 15

Cytokinin

Question 16

Vegetative bud on the side of the stem

Answer 16

Lateral bud

Question 17

Above ground roots. Usually adventitous in nature sometimes having unique adaptive functions

Answer 17

Aerial roots

Question 18

Waxy layer outside the epidermis of a leaf that reduces water loss and resists insect damage

Answer 18

Cuticle

Question 19

Specialized cell in the angiosperm phloem derived from the same parent cell as the closely associated, immediately adjacent sieve tube member.

Answer 19

Companion cell

Question 20

Yellow, orange, or red pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants.

Answer 20

Carotenoid

Question 21

Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.

Answer 21

Chlorophyll

Question 22

Pattern of wood development in which the vessels and vessel services are distributed evenly through the annual ring.

Answer 22

Diffuse porous

Question 23

Growing point at the tips of shoots and roots.

Answer 23

Apical meristem

Question 24

Roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress

Answer 24

Buttress roots

Question 25

Plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity l, either positive, as in the direction of gravity (roots) or negative as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots).

Answer 25

Geotropism

Question 26

The study of relationships amoung organisms and other living and nonliving elements of their environment

Answer 26

Ecology

Question 27

A type of growth point rising from a latent adventitious bud. Usually in reference to a shoot

Answer 27

Epicormic

Question 28

Pair of specialized cells that regulate the opening and closin of a stomate due to a change in water pressure within cells.

Answer 28

Guard cells

Question 29

Wood that is altered (inward) from sapwood and provides chemical defense against decay-causing organisms and continues to provide structural strength to the trunk.

Answer 29

Heartwood

Question 30

A compound, combining carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis (sugars and starches)

Answer 30

Carbohydrate

Question 31

Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones.

Answer 31

Gymnosperms

Question 32

Free spaces in plant tissue. Includes cell walls and intracellular spaces.

Answer 32

Apoplasm

Question 33

Cluster of flowers

Answer 33

Inflorescence

Question 34

Process in the ddvelopment of cells in which they become specialized for various functions

Answer 34

Differentiation

Question 35

The acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees

Answer 35

CODIT

Question 36

Movement if water, minerals or photosynthesis longitudinally within a tree

Answer 36

Axial transport

Question 37

Root that arises by cell division in the pericycle o the parebt root and then penetrates the cortex of the epidermis

Answer 37

Lateral root

Question 38

Thin payers of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter.

Answer 38

Cambium

Question 39

Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants and algae and certain fungi

Answer 39

Cellulose

Question 40

The bud at he top of a twig or shoot

Answer 40

Apical bud

Question 41

Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants

Answer 41

Anthocyanin

Question 42

Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season

Answer 42

Apical dominance

Question 43

Area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop

Answer 43

Abscission zone

Question 44

Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis

Answer 44

Chlorophyll

Question 45

Point of attachment of a leaf petiole to a sten

Answer 45

Leaf axil

Question 46

Bud in the axil of a leaf

Answer 46

Axillary bud