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ISA > Tree Biology Cram Cards > Flashcards

Tree Biology Cram Cards Flashcards

1
Q

(1) Elongated, tapering, thick-walled cell that provides strength to wood. (2) smallest component of rope

A

Fiber

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2
Q

Small opening in the bark that permits the exchange of gases.

A

Lenticel

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3
Q

Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants and algae and certain fungi.

A

Cellulose

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4
Q

Fine, fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most are within the top 12 inches (30 cm) of soil.

A

Absorbing roots

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5
Q

Point of attachment of leaf pettiole to stem.

A

Leaf axil

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6
Q

Plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity either positive, as in the direction of gravity (roots) or negative, as in opposite the direction of gravitt (shoots).

A

Geotropism

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7
Q

Rings of xylem that are visible in a cross section of the stem, branches, and roots of some trees. In temperate zones, the rings typically represent one year of growth and are sometimes referred to as annual rings

A

Growth rings

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8
Q

Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth abd expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge

A

Branch bark ridge

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9
Q

Specialized organelle found in some cells. Site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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10
Q

Bud arising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers

A

Adventitous bud

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11
Q

Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants

A

Anthocyanin

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12
Q

Meristemic tissue from which the corky, protective outer layer of bark is formed.

A

Cork cambium

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13
Q

Substance applied to the foilage of plants to reduce water loss.

A

Antitranspirant

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14
Q

Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season

A

Apical dominance

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15
Q

Plant hormone involved in cell division, leaf expansion and other physiological processes

A

Cytokinin

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16
Q

Vegetative bud on the side of the stem

A

Lateral bud

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17
Q

Above ground roots. Usually adventitous in nature sometimes having unique adaptive functions

A

Aerial roots

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18
Q

Waxy layer outside the epidermis of a leaf that reduces water loss and resists insect damage

A

Cuticle

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19
Q

Specialized cell in the angiosperm phloem derived from the same parent cell as the closely associated, immediately adjacent sieve tube member.

A

Companion cell

20
Q

Yellow, orange, or red pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants.

A

Carotenoid

21
Q

Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll

22
Q

Pattern of wood development in which the vessels and vessel services are distributed evenly through the annual ring.

A

Diffuse porous

23
Q

Growing point at the tips of shoots and roots.

A

Apical meristem

24
Q

Roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress

A

Buttress roots

25
Q

Plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity l, either positive, as in the direction of gravity (roots) or negative as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots).

A

Geotropism

26
Q

The study of relationships amoung organisms and other living and nonliving elements of their environment

A

Ecology

27
Q

A type of growth point rising from a latent adventitious bud. Usually in reference to a shoot

A

Epicormic

28
Q

Pair of specialized cells that regulate the opening and closin of a stomate due to a change in water pressure within cells.

A

Guard cells

29
Q

Wood that is altered (inward) from sapwood and provides chemical defense against decay-causing organisms and continues to provide structural strength to the trunk.

A

Heartwood

30
Q

A compound, combining carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis (sugars and starches)

A

Carbohydrate

31
Q

Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones.

A

Gymnosperms

32
Q

Free spaces in plant tissue. Includes cell walls and intracellular spaces.

A

Apoplasm

33
Q

Cluster of flowers

A

Inflorescence

34
Q

Process in the ddvelopment of cells in which they become specialized for various functions

A

Differentiation

35
Q

The acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees

A

CODIT

36
Q

Movement if water, minerals or photosynthesis longitudinally within a tree

A

Axial transport

37
Q

Root that arises by cell division in the pericycle o the parebt root and then penetrates the cortex of the epidermis

A

Lateral root

38
Q

Thin payers of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter.

A

Cambium

39
Q

Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants and algae and certain fungi

A

Cellulose

40
Q

The bud at he top of a twig or shoot

A

Apical bud

41
Q

Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants

A

Anthocyanin

42
Q

Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season

A

Apical dominance

43
Q

Area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop

A

Abscission zone

44
Q

Green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Captures the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

45
Q

Point of attachment of a leaf petiole to a sten

A

Leaf axil

46
Q

Bud in the axil of a leaf

A

Axillary bud

ISA (6 decks)

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