Tree Algorithms Flashcards
Tree Algorithms
Tree algorithms focus on problems related to trees and binary trees, including traversal techniques (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder), operations on Binary Search Trees (BST), and finding the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA).
Binary Tree Traversal (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder)
Binary Tree Traversal refers to the process of visiting and processing all nodes in a binary tree in a specific order. There are three common types of binary tree traversals:
Inorder Traversal: Visit the left subtree, then the current node, and finally the right subtree. This traversal yields nodes in ascending order in a Binary Search Tree.
Preorder Traversal: Visit the current node, then the left subtree, and finally the right subtree.
Postorder Traversal: Visit the left subtree, then the right subtree, and finally the current node.
Binary Search Tree (BST) Operations
Binary Search Tree (BST) Operations involve various operations performed on a Binary Search Tree, a binary tree where each node has a value greater than or equal to all nodes in its left subtree and less than or equal to all nodes in its right subtree. Common operations on BSTs include:
Insertion: Adding a new node with a specified value while maintaining the BST property.
Deletion: Removing a node with a specified value while maintaining the BST property.
Searching: Finding a node with a specific value efficiently.
Traversal: Visiting all nodes in a specific order (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder).
Finding Minimum and Maximum: Finding the nodes with the smallest and largest values in the BST.
Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA)
The Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of two nodes in a tree is the lowest (deepest) node that is an ancestor of both nodes. It is commonly used in various tree-related problems, such as determining the relationship between nodes in a binary tree. The LCA can be found efficiently using algorithms like recursive traversal or parent pointers in certain tree structures.
