Treatments, USMLE Flashcards by CM L

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide

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Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine

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Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

All-trans retinoic acid

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ADHD

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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Alcohol use disorder

AA + disulfram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient. Al-Anon for patient’s family

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Alcohol withdrawal

Benzodiazepines

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Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy

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Anticoagulation during pregnancy

Heparin

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Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB antiarrythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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B12 deficiency

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause w/ Schilling test)

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Tamulosin, finasteride

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Bipolar disorder

Lithium, valproate, carbamzepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)

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Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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Buerger disease

Smoking cessation

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Buliminia nervosa

SSRIs

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Candida albicans

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)

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Carcinoid syndrome

Octreotide

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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Chronic gout

Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer)

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Chronic hepatitis

IFN-a

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Chronic myelogneous leukemia

Imatinib

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

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Clostridium difficile

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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CMV

Ganciclovir

Crohn disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine

Cryptococcus neoformans

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

Depression

SSRI (first-line)

Diabetes insipidus

DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Fluids, insulin, K+

Enterococci

Vanocmycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, vardenafil

ER+ breast cancer

Tamoxifen

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Haemophilus influenzae B

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Generalized anxiety disorder

Buspirone

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Heparin toxicity (acute)

Protamine sulfate

HER2/neu+ breast cancer

Trastuzumab

Hyperaldosteronism

Spironolactone

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first-line)

Hypertriglyceridemia

Fibrate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Influenza

Rimantidine, oseltamivir

Legionella pneumophila

Erythromycin

Long-term anticoagulation

Warfarin

Malaria

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hyponozoite)

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Medical abortion

Mifepristone

Migraine

Sumatriptan

MRSA

Vancomycin

Multiple sclerosis

Beta-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Osteoporosis

Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation

Patent ductus arteriosus

Indomethacin

Pheochromocytoma

alpha-antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

Prolactinoma

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Prostate carcinoma

Flutamide

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antipseudomonal penicillin (piperacillin/ticarcillin) + aminoglycoside

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Rickettsia rickettsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated w/ aplastic anemia)

Ringworm infection

Terbinafine, griseolfulvin, imidazole

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

5HT2A agonists (eg 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

D2 receptor antagonists (eg 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

SIADH

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists

Sickle cell anemia

Hydroxyurea (incr. fetal hemoglobin)

Sporothrix schenckii

Oral potassium iodide

Stable angina

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin

Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if liked to endocarditis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

Temporal arteritis

High-dose steroids

Tonic-clonic seizures

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamzepine

Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Treponema pallidum

Penicillin

Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Carbamazepine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Warfarin toxicity

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

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Treatments, USMLE Flashcards

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