Treatments, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol use disorder

A

AA + disulfram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient. Al-Anon for patient’s family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause w/ Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamulosin, finasteride

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamzepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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15
Q

Buliminia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer)

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-a

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21
Q

Chronic myelogneous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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25
CMV
Ganciclovir
26
Crohn disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
27
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
28
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
29
Depression
SSRI (first-line)
30
Diabetes insipidus
DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
31
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement
32
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
33
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
34
Enterococci
Vanocmycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
35
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil, vardenafil
36
ER+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen
37
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
38
Haemophilus influenzae B
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
39
Generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone
40
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
41
Heparin toxicity (acute)
Protamine sulfate
42
HER2/neu+ breast cancer
Trastuzumab
43
Hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
44
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin (first-line)
45
Hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate
46
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
47
Infertility
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
48
Influenza
Rimantidine, oseltamivir
49
Legionella pneumophila
Erythromycin
50
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
51
Malaria
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hyponozoite)
52
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
53
Medical abortion
Mifepristone
54
Migraine
Sumatriptan
55
MRSA
Vancomycin
56
Multiple sclerosis
Beta-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab
57
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
58
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
59
Neisseria meningitidis
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
60
Neural tube defect prevention
Prenatal folic acid
61
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D supplementation
62
Osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation
63
Patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
64
Pheochromocytoma
alpha-antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)
65
Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
66
Prolactinoma
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
67
Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
68
Prostate carcinoma
Flutamide
69
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Antipseudomonal penicillin (piperacillin/ticarcillin) + aminoglycoside
70
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
71
Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated w/ aplastic anemia)
72
Ringworm infection
Terbinafine, griseolfulvin, imidazole
73
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
5HT2A agonists (eg 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
74
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
D2 receptor antagonists (eg 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
75
SIADH
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
76
Sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea (incr. fetal hemoglobin)
77
Sporothrix schenckii
Oral potassium iodide
78
Stable angina
Sublingual nitroglycerin
79
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin
80
Streptococcus bovis
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if liked to endocarditis
81
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
82
Temporal arteritis
High-dose steroids
83
Tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamzepine
84
Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
85
Treponema pallidum
Penicillin
86
Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
87
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Carbamazepine
88
Ulcerative colitis
5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
89
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
90
Warfarin toxicity
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)