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Pharmacology > Treatments, USMLE > Flashcards

Treatments, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol use disorder

A

AA + disulfram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient. Al-Anon for patient’s family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause w/ Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamulosin, finasteride

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamzepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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15
Q

Buliminia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer)

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-a

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21
Q

Chronic myelogneous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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25
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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26
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine

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27
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

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28
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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29
Q

Depression

A

SSRI (first-line)

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30
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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31
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement

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32
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

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33
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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34
Q

Enterococci

A

Vanocmycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

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35
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, vardenafil

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36
Q

ER+ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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37
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

38
Q

Haemophilus influenzae B

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

39
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

40
Q

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

41
Q

Heparin toxicity (acute)

A

Protamine sulfate

42
Q

HER2/neu+ breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

43
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

44
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

45
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

46
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

47
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

48
Q

Influenza

A

Rimantidine, oseltamivir

49
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Erythromycin

50
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

51
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hyponozoite)

52
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

53
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

54
Q

Migraine

A

Sumatriptan

55
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin

56
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Beta-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab

57
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

58
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

59
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

60
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

61
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

62
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation

63
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indomethacin

64
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

65
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

66
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

67
Q

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

68
Q

Prostate carcinoma

69
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin (piperacillin/ticarcillin) + aminoglycoside

70
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

71
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated w/ aplastic anemia)

72
Q

Ringworm infection

A

Terbinafine, griseolfulvin, imidazole

73
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

5HT2A agonists (eg 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

74
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

D2 receptor antagonists (eg 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

75
Q

SIADH

A

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists

76
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea (incr. fetal hemoglobin)

77
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Oral potassium iodide

78
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

79
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin

80
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if liked to endocarditis

81
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

82
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

83
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamzepine

84
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

85
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

86
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

87
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

88
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy

89
Q

UTI prophylaxis

90
Q

Warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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