Respiratory, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

T/F H1 blockers are REVERSIBLE inhibitors of H1 receptors

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Diphenhydramine

A

1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Loratadine

A

2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Desloratadine

A

2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Chlorpheniramine

A

1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Cetirizine

A

2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Levocetirizine

A

3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2nd gen antihistamine is far less sedating than 1st gen due to

A

Less entry into CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SABA

A

Albuterol/Salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LABA

A

1) Salmeterol

2) Formoterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effects of LABA (2)

A

1) Tremor

2) Arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Methylxanthine

A

Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Theophylline MOA

A

Bronchodilation by inhibition of PDE thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Theophylline use is limited by

A

1) Cariotoxicity

2) Neurotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscarinic antagonist, short-acting

A

Ipratropium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscarinic antagonist, long-acting

A

Tiotropium

17
Q

Muscarinic antagonist, long-acting: Use

18
Q

1st line therapy for chronic asthma

A

Corticosteroids

19
Q

Beclomethasone/fluticasone characteristic MOA

A

Inactivates NF-kB (transcription factor that induces production of TNF-α

20
Q

Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma

A

Antileukotrienes

21
Q

Antileukotrienes

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

22
Q

Zileuton, MOA

A

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor, hence blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

23
Q

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

A

Omalizumab

24
Q

Omalizumab, MOA

A

Binds mostly unbound IgE

25
Omalizumab, use
Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABA
26
β-agonist MOA
Increases cAMP causing bronchodilation
27
Guaifenesin MOA
Thins respiratory secretions but does not suppress cough
28
N-acetylcysteine MOA
Mucolytic by loosening mucous plugs
29
N-acetylcysteine uses
1) CF | 2) Acetaminophen overdose
30
Used to treat pulmonary arterial hen by competitively antagonising endothelia 1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
Bosentan
31
Dextromethorphan MOA
Antitussive by antagonising NMDA glutamate receptors
32
Synthetic codeine analog hence has mild opioid effect when used in excess
Dextromethorphan
33
Dextromethorphan antidote
Naloxone
34
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine MOA
Sympathomimetic α-agonist
35
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine use
1) Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion | 2) Open obstructed eustachian tube
36
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine toxicity
Htn and anxiety
37
Used in asthma challenge testing
Methacholine
38
Methacholine MOA
Muscarinic receptor agonist