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Pharmacology > Respiratory, USMLE > Flashcards

Respiratory, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

T/F H1 blockers are REVERSIBLE inhibitors of H1 receptors

A

T

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2
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Diphenhydramine

A

1st

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3
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Loratadine

A

2nd

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4
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Desloratadine

A

2nd

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5
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Chlorpheniramine

A

1st

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6
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Cetirizine

A

2nd

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7
Q

1st vs 2nd gen H1 blocker: Levocetirizine

A

3rd

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8
Q

2nd gen antihistamine is far less sedating than 1st gen due to

A

Less entry into CNS

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9
Q

SABA

A

Albuterol/Salbutamol

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10
Q

LABA

A

1) Salmeterol

2) Formoterol

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11
Q

Adverse effects of LABA (2)

A

1) Tremor

2) Arrhythmia

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12
Q

Methylxanthine

A

Theophylline

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13
Q

Theophylline MOA

A

Bronchodilation by inhibition of PDE thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis

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14
Q

Theophylline use is limited by

A

1) Cariotoxicity

2) Neurotoxicity

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15
Q

Muscarinic antagonist, short-acting

A

Ipratropium

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16
Q

Muscarinic antagonist, long-acting

A

Tiotropium

17
Q

Muscarinic antagonist, long-acting: Use

18
Q

1st line therapy for chronic asthma

A

Corticosteroids

19
Q

Beclomethasone/fluticasone characteristic MOA

A

Inactivates NF-kB (transcription factor that induces production of TNF-α

20
Q

Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma

A

Antileukotrienes

21
Q

Antileukotrienes

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

22
Q

Zileuton, MOA

A

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor, hence blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

23
Q

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

A

Omalizumab

24
Q

Omalizumab, MOA

A

Binds mostly unbound IgE

25
Q

Omalizumab, use

A

Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABA

26
Q

β-agonist MOA

A

Increases cAMP causing bronchodilation

27
Q

Guaifenesin MOA

A

Thins respiratory secretions but does not suppress cough

28
Q

N-acetylcysteine MOA

A

Mucolytic by loosening mucous plugs

29
Q

N-acetylcysteine uses

A

1) CF

2) Acetaminophen overdose

30
Q

Used to treat pulmonary arterial hen by competitively antagonising endothelia 1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

31
Q

Dextromethorphan MOA

A

Antitussive by antagonising NMDA glutamate receptors

32
Q

Synthetic codeine analog hence has mild opioid effect when used in excess

A

Dextromethorphan

33
Q

Dextromethorphan antidote

34
Q

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine MOA

A

Sympathomimetic α-agonist

35
Q

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine use

A

1) Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion

2) Open obstructed eustachian tube

36
Q

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine toxicity

A

Htn and anxiety

37
Q

Used in asthma challenge testing

A

Methacholine

38
Q

Methacholine MOA

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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